General Manager Essay Example for Free

Senior supervisor Essay 1. Arranging organization †¢ Provide authority and vision to the association by helping the Board and staff with the improvement of long range and yearly plans, and with the assessment and detailing of progress on plans . †¢ Oversee arrangement of an Annual Report summing up progress on short and long range plans. †¢ Research and compose conversation papers, investigation archives and recommendations varying to help the association in deciding and meeting its long and momentary objectives. 2. HR the board †¢ Recruitment and contracting of organization and venture staff; †¢ Employee improvement, and preparing; †¢ Policy improvement and documentation; †¢ Employee relations; †¢ Performance the executives and improvement frameworks; †¢ Employment and consistence to administrative concerns and announcing; †¢ Company-wide advisory group assistance including arranging, creation, staff and †¢ Board of Directors, including orchestrating gatherings and plans, joining in and minuting gatherings; 3. Task the executives: †¢ Manage recruit and dissemination of music scores and parts, including any performing rights installments. †¢ Oversee the booking of visits this incorporates: setting contact from arranging the arrangement to dissemination of crowd polls, projects and product. †¢ Oversee association of organization transport, means and convenience. †¢ Liaise with Production Manager to administer recruit and conveyance/transport of all specialized and creation hardware. 4. Showcasing and PR: †¢ Manage publicizing openings in other venue program, press and at scenes. †¢ Organize the accessibility of organization individuals for media/PR occasions as important. †¢ Oversee substance, creation and dispersion of all promoting and exposure materials (banners, program, flyers, mail outs, pamphlets and so on) with chief, fashioner and venture director. †¢ Manage press advancement; †¢ Co-ordinate the greeting of likely future advertisers and supporters of the organization. 5. Budgetary administration †¢ Provide proposals with respect to speculations and money systems. †¢ Oversee readiness of yearly financial plan, normal fluctuation explanations and yearly review. †¢ Provide vision in regards to by and large money related wellbeing of the organization. †¢ Provide vision and pioneer transport in long range financial wanting to guarantee the coherence and dissolvability of the organization. †¢ Provide suggestions with respect to compelling use of long and transient obligation, including renegotiating and buying/deals. †¢ Oversee raising money endeavors. 7. Creation/QC: †¢ Insure precise documentation of creation and quality control information and records. †¢ Direct and regulate site creation exercises and work force. †¢ Oversee and guarantee high wellbeing measures consistently. †¢ Direct creation exercises to guarantee wellbeing and consistence with quality control gauges, administrative consistence, and rent understandings. †¢ Oversee as well as guarantee great housekeeping at site consistently. 6. Managerial administration †¢ Ensure customer and seller record honesty (archives, explanatory data where required, correspondence documentations, and so forth) †¢ Maintain general oversight and guarantee precision of records including A/R, A/P, Inventory, and so forth †¢ Assist being developed of structures and instruments to expand organization proficiency and hazard the board. III/Job determination of head supervisor expected set of responsibilities 1. At least five years of involvement with business the board, arranging and money related oversight. 2. At least five years of involvement with staff the executives, including employing, management, assessment and advantages organization. 3. At least three years of experience working with a top managerial staff and panels. 4. College alumni or proportional experience. 5. Demonstrated aptitudes in business and money related administration. 6. Shown capacity to work with understudy part proprietors. 7. Shown capacity to work in a proactively different and comprehensive association. 8. Amazing, demonstrated relational, verbal and composed interchanges aptitudes. 9. Exhibited capacity to oversee and administer a staff group. 10. Successful critical thinking and intercession aptitudes. 11. Shown capacity to impart aptitudes and information to other people. 12. Capability with office PC hardware and programming. 13. Shown capacity to perform various tasks and work in a quick paced office setting. 14. Demonstrated capacity to adapt to strife, stress and emergency circumstances. III/TYPES OF EXECUTIVE JOB DESCRIPTION Official sets of responsibilities incorporate JDs as follows: 1. President expected set of responsibilities 2. Official Director expected set of responsibilities 3. Tasks chief expected set of responsibilities 4. Official right hand expected set of responsibilities 5. Head supervisor expected set of responsibilities Source: Executive expected set of responsibilities and inquiries addresses word reference III/Compensation and advantages Net pay: 2.950 USD/month. Email: [emailprotected]

How to Write a Law School Case Brief

Instructions to Write a Law School Case Brief Composing aâ case briefâ can be somewhat simple once you’ve got the organization down. While this guide concentrates more on the structure of a composed brief, you should keep the greater part of the components while doing a book brief also. Peruse a case once before you start preparation, and afterward center around the significant pieces of the case, which will end up being the components of the case brief: Difficulty: Average Time Required: Depends on length of case Here's How Facts: Pinpoint the determinative realities of a case,â i.e., those that have any kind of effect in the result. Your objective here is to have the option to recount to the tale of the case without missing any appropriate data yet in addition excluding an excessive number of unessential realities it is possible that; it takes some training to choose the determinative realities, so don’t get disheartened on the off chance that you come up short the initial barely any occasions. Most importantly, ensure you have unmistakably denoted the parties’ names and positions for the situation (Plaintiff/Defendant or Appellee/Appellant).Procedural History: Record what has happened procedurally for the situation up until this point. The dates of case filings, movements of synopsis judgment, court decisions, preliminaries, and decisions or decisions ought to be noted, yet typically this isn’t a critical piece of aâ case briefâ unless the court choice is vigorously situate d in procedural principles or except if you note that your teacher wants to concentrate on procedural history.Issue Presented: Formulate the primary issue or issues for the situation as questions, ideally with a yes or no answer, which will help you all the more unmistakably express the holding in the following segment of the case brief. Holding: The holding ought to straightforwardly react to the inquiry in the Issue Presented, start with â€Å"yes† or â€Å"no,† and expound with â€Å"because†¦Ã¢â‚¬  from that point. On the off chance that the supposition says â€Å"We hold†¦Ã¢â‚¬  that’s the holding; a few possessions aren’t so natural to pinpoint, however, so search for the lines in the assessment that answer your Issue Presented question.Rule of Law: at times, this will be more clear than others, yet essentially you need to distinguish the guideline of law on which the adjudicator or equity is basing the goals of the case. This is the thing that you’ll regularly hear called â€Å"black letter law.†Legal Reasoning: This is the most significant piece of your brief as it depicts why the court governed the manner in which it did; some law educators harp on realities more than others, some more on procedural history, yet all invest the most energy in the court ’s thinking as it consolidates all pieces of the case overflowed with one, portraying the utilization of the standard of law to the realities of the case, frequently refering to different court’s sentiments and thinking or open approach contemplations so as to answer the issue introduced. This piece of your short follows the court’s thinking bit by bit, so be certain that you record it without holes in rationale also. Agreeing/Dissenting Opinion: You don’t need to invest an excessive amount of energy in this part other than the pinpoint the agreeing or contradicting judge’s primary concern of conflict with the lion's share assessment and basis. Agreeing and contradicting conclusions hold heaps of law professor Socratic Methodâ fodder, and you can be prepared by remembering this part for your case brief.Importance to class: While having the entirety of the above will give you a total brief, you may likewise need to make a few notes on why the case is significant pertinent to your group. Scribble down why the case was remembered for your understanding task (why it was imperative to peruse) and any inquiries you have about the case also. While instructions cases is consistently useful, your brief is generally significant with regards to the class that it is for. What You Need Case bookPaper and pen or computerAttention to detail

The Definition of Random Assignment In Psychology

The Definition of Random Assignment In Psychology Student Resources Study Guides and Tips Print The Definition of Random Assignment According to Psychology By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on September 17, 2019 Materio/ Getty Images More in Student Resources Study Guides and Tips APA Style and Writing Careers Random assignment?? refers to the use of chance procedures in psychology experiments to ensure that each participant has the same opportunity to be assigned to any given group. Study participants are randomly assigned to different groups, such as the experimental group, or treatment group. Random assignment might involve such tactics as flipping a coin, drawing names out of a hat, rolling dice, or assigning random numbers to participants. It is important to note that random assignment?? differs from random selection. While random selection refers to how participants are randomly chosen to represent the larger population, random assignment refers to how those chosen participants are then assigned to experimental groups. How Does Random Assignment Work in a Psychology Experiment? To determine if changes in one variable lead to changes in another variable, psychologists must perform an experiment. Researchers often begin by forming a testable hypothesis predicting that one variable of interest will have some impact on another variable. The variable that the experimenters will manipulate in the experiment is known as the independent variable while the variable that they will then measure is known as the dependent variable. While there are different ways to look at relationships between variables, an experiment is the best way to get a clear idea if there is a cause-and-effect relationship between two or more variables. Once researchers have formulated a hypothesis, conducted background research, and chosen an experimental design, it is time to find participants for their experiment. How exactly do researchers decide who will be part of an experiment? As mentioned previously, this is often accomplished through something known as random selection. In order to generalize the results of an experiment to a larger group, it is important to choose a sample that is representative of the qualities found in that population. For example, if the total population is 51 percent female and 49 percent male, then the sample should reflect those same percentages. Choosing a representative sample is often accomplished by randomly picking people from the population to be participants in a study. Random selection means that everyone in the group stands an equal chance of being chosen. Once a pool of participants has been selected, it is time to assign them into groups. By randomly assigning the participants into groups, the experimenters can be sure that each group will be the same before the independent variable is applied. Participants might be randomly assigned to the control group, which does not receive the treatment in question. Or they might be randomly assigned to the experimental group, which does receive the treatment. Random assignment increases the likelihood that the two groups are the same at the outset, that way any changes that result from the application of the independent variable can be assumed to be the result of the treatment of interest. Example of Random Assignment Imagine that a researcher is interested in learning whether or not drinking caffeinated beverages prior to an exam will improve test performance. After randomly selecting a pool of participants, each person is randomly assigned to either the control group or the experimental group.The participants in the control group consume a placebo drink prior to the exam that does not contain any caffeine. Those in the experimental group, on the other hand, consume a caffeinated beverage before taking the test.Participants in both groups then take the test and the researcher compares the results to determine if the caffeinated beverage had any impact on test performance. A Word From Verywell Random assignment plays an  important role in the psychology research process.?? Not only does this process help eliminate possible sources of bias, but it also makes it easier to generalize the results of a tested sample population to a larger population. Random assignment?? helps ensure that members of each group in the experiment are the same, which means that the groups are also likely more representative of what is present in the larger population. Through the use of this technique, psychology researchers are able to study complex phenomena and contribute to our understanding of the human mind and behavior.

What I Was A Salesman - 1337 Words

No sooner than did I arrive home, I received a call from what I assumed was a salesman. It was, in fact, a salesman, but was for instead something I had already bought. The call regarded a custom shirt I had ordered online, a T-shirt with a blocky cartoon drawing of Otto von Bismarck on it. The operator on the phone told me that the company could not print me the shirt because the image was copyright of some artist who sold the design on another website. I tried explaining that I had taken reference from probably the same image but I had changed it to be another art style. This however was not good enough for them, and thus had canceled my order. After spending what felt like an hour scouring Google, I finally found the shirt that I was apparently infringing upon. It was located on an outdated website and displayed no price. After looking some more, I was directed to a page saying the shirts are no longer available as of 2008. As a consumer of the twenty first century capitalist free market society, there will always be a way to secure merchandise one way or another through relatively easy means. Then, the bigger picture hit me. Why is it that the face of a person of historical significance is copyrighted by someone who makes t-shirts and then refuses to sell them?. To me this makes no sense, if he s not willing to distribute it, why can t someone else at least enjoy it? It s obvious he s not been making any attempt to profit from it for some time. When was theShow MoreRelatedWhat I Was A Salesman1542 Words   |  7 Pagessooner then did I arrive home from class, I received a call from what I assumed was a salesman. It was in fact, a salesman, but was for instead something I had already bought. The call regarded a custom shirt I had ordered online. A T-shirt with a blocky cartoon drawing of Otto von Bismarck on it. The operator on the phone told me that the company could not print me the shirt because the image was copyright of some artist who sold the design on another website. I tried explaining that I had taken referenceRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman Tragedy Essay1365 Words   |  6 PagesDeath of a Salesman is a tragic play written in 1949 by Arthur Miller. The story is about a salesman who lost his identity after having an affair with anoth er woman and can’t seem to accept the changes in his life since the event. The story has been performed in theaters and shown on film for many years. Lee Siegel, a writer for The Nation explains the role of Death of a Salesman in the entertainment industry: Every ten years or so, Death of a Salesman is revived, and every ten years we get theRead MoreAuthor Miller’s Death Of A Salesman: A Family’s Misguided Attempt At The American Dream 707 Words   |  3 Pages Death of a salesman is a two-act play set in the late 1940s. The death of a salesman is a tragic story of one family’s failed attempt to live the American dream. Majority of the action in the play takes place in the Loman’s home and yard. The Loman family consists of Wily, Linda and their two sons Biff and Happy. Overall I consider Death of A Salesman a fascinating Play. To begin with I found my self-having difficulty reading the play. I immediately began writing off the play as another story ofRead MoreWhen I First Arrived At Robertson Electrical And Mechanical1033 Words   |  5 PagesWhen I first arrived at Robertson Electrical and Mechanical Sales and Service (REM) in Van Buren, Arkansas, I met with Mr. Butcher and we sat in his office. Mr. Butcher and I began discussing sales, past experiences, and my future in the business world. He explained his history as a salesman, and his experiences with his previous company. Mr. Butcher explained the different types of sales, such as customer centric, and product centric. Having learned the difference in economic buyers and relationshipRead More Women Buying Cars Essay1601 Words   |  7 Pageswhile trying to buy my first car, I experienced frustration in gaining acknowledgment from salesmen as well as their respect at several different dealerships.   I discovered it was my attitude and approach to the salesmen that would make the difference in the treatment I received from the them in buying a car myself.   I discovered, by informing the salesman from the beginning that I was serious and financially capable of buying a car, I was able to get a salesman to take time in helping me, a highRead MoreThemes of Failure, Self Delusion, and Conflict in Death of a Salesman568 Words   |  3 Pagesthe play â€Å"Death of a Salesman† there are multiple themes, some are obvious and others are just noticeable. Much of it revolves around the Main Character Willy and how he has confused reality with constant illusions and dreams. Based on my experience with â€Å"Death of a Salesman† I can say that there are multiple themes fused through this play. For example the author used these themes to create a strong central meaning or message that the reader can clearly understand. Overall I believe Arthur MillerRead MoreArthur Miller s Death Of A Salesman1144 Words   |  5 PagesArthur Miller: Death of a Salesman Life for many in America are missing the same elements that â€Å"Death of a Salesman† exposed. Those element are love and direction. Many people face these struggles at some point in their life, but don’t know what to do to progress. Arthur Miller devised a style whereby he could show how your past can continuously impact on your future. Each character highlights the powerlessness of a dream to give meaning and control to human life. I disagree with some of theRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Death Of A Salesman 873 Words   |  4 Pages What happens when a child is held to high expectations; also what if a parent has instilled faulty morals into a child that they expect greatness from? This can lead to a terrible combination of failures and disappointments. In Death of a Salesman, by Author Miller the readers see how a character named Biff, a child held to high expectations, partnered with a parent with faulty morals, has ultimately caused his inability to see things for what they are and he is unable toRead MoreIs Willy Loman a Tragic Hero in Death of Salesman1305 Words   |  6 PagesWilly Loman’s character in Death of a Salesman portrays him as a tragic hero. Willy Loman continued to want his recognition and his reputation but never forgets about his family. These characteristics describe him as a tragic hero in Death of a Salesman. Willy Loman’s tragic flow leads him to purse the idea that reputation in society has more relevancies in life than knowledge and education to survive in the business. His grand error of wanting recognition drove him crazy and insane and lead toRead MoreComparing Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller and Fences by August Wilson 1403 Words   |  6 PagesFences written by August Wilson and Death of a Salesman written by Arthur Miller are two plays that could be considered very different in terms of their plot. The plots of both plays contain two very different cultural backgrounds which affects each protagonist differently. If the reader or audience looks past the plot into the theme and symbolisms used they can see that the plays are more similar than they are different. In spite of the different cultural backgrounds of each protagonist they both

The War Of 1812 By Andrew Jackson - 1932 Words

The War of 1812, perhaps like most wars, may appear to be without merit, ironic and perverse. It began in response to Britain’s policy of impressment, employed to prevent France, its enemy in the Napoleonic Wars, from obtaining supplies from America, and ended with the reallocation of British troops to North America after the defeat of Napoleon. The War contained so much irony to the extent that a truce was declared, but not communicated to the troops in America, before the largest battle of the war took place at New Orleans. A war that curbed American expansion also included a general, Andrew Jackson, who parlayed his fame as a general the War of 1812 to the Presidency and who would become an expansionist President responsible for the†¦show more content†¦Far from the shores of England, and to a large extent independent from the mother country, Canada remained reliant upon Britain, at least for its military expertise. Although Britain was largely preoccupied with the Napoleonic Wars in Europe, its military support of Canada, especially in the later phases of the war, proved to be decisive in the defeat of the Americans. Perhaps this is only appropriate given that Britain’s policy of impressment of American vessels and sailors was a principal cause of the War of 1812(Black, 185). To be fair though, American expansionist sentiment, embodied in the cries of the War Hawks leading up to the War of 1812, and that later manifested itself in the form of Manifest Destiny contained in the Monroe Doctrine, was also a cause of the war. Also contributing to the start of the War was the growing expansionist sentiment in the United States that was based on the idea of American superiority over Canada(185). This sense of superiority was rooted not only in the ideology of the American revolution, that republicanism and democracy were superior to monarchy and despotism, but also in the comparative advantage in population, manpower, financial and indu strial strength enjoyed by America (Creighton,108). To the Americans, Upper Canada was an appealing and exceedingly vulnerable province by virtue of its geography, small population and perhaps even more so because of the composition of that population that included many recentShow MoreRelatedThe War Of 1812 By Andrew Jackson1681 Words   |  7 PagesFrom being a well-known war hero in the War of 1812 to becoming the 7th president of the United States, Andrew Jackson lived a marvelous life. His past life may have affected him greatly, but it never stopped him from moving to one role to another. In addition, Jackson had gone through great lengths to obtain his position and popularity as president. He was the first self-made man, who started from very low points in his life, who became president. Furthermore, he was well known for his casual temperRead MoreAndrew Jacksons Colorful Military Career1286 Words   |  5 Pagesbecame Commander in Chief. Andrew Jackson, born 1767 in South Carolina, was a prisoner of war during War of Independence; his treatment resulting in a lifelong dislike of Great Britain, (Andrew Jackson n.d.). After the British captured the belligerent Jackson, he was ordered to clean a British officers boots. When he refused, the officer drew his sword and slashed Jacksons hand to the bone, (Patrick, n.d.). This memorable treatment by the British inspired Jackson to take up arms against theRead MoreThe War Of 1812 Was A Great Deal Of Curiosity1615 Words   |  7 Pagesto cause a great deal of curiosity. For instance, someone may wonder what the War of 1812 was and what difficulties the United States had in waging the War of 1812. They also might ponder about why the War of 1812 was widely viewed as a victory for the United States or how the war lead to an increasing pattern of diplomatic cooperation between the United States and Britain. Our very own seventh president, Andrew Jackson, has meant a great deal in our history and some may ask wha t it was about hisRead MoreAndrew Jackson 3 Essays1624 Words   |  7 PagesMcQuade U.S. History 1-c Laba term paper April 17, 2013 Andrew Jackson Throughout the years there have been many presidents, but Andrew Jackson was different. He had many different policies, and his personality set him apart from a lot of other presidents. Andrew Jackson was the seventh president but some would consider him to be the first because he seemed so different from others. Andrew Jackson did not have the easiest childhood while growing up, his father hadRead MoreAnalysis Of Forest Mcdonad s States Rights And The Union1101 Words   |  5 PagesStates, the Declaration of Independence, this problem of knowing where the people, states, and national government holds authority occurs. The question of power occurs in the the first document, the Declaration of Independence, the War of 1812, the presidency of Andrew Jackson, and McDonald points out in the first document of the United States, the Declaration of Independence, the rights of states and the rights of the nation are stated; however, some portions of the document can easily lead to confusionRead MoreThe Man Of History : Andrew Jackson1124 Words   |  5 PagesMEN OF HISTORY ISSUE #1 ANDREW JACKSON MEN OF HISTORY issue #1 ANDREW JACKSON 7TH PRESIDENT Andrew Jackson was born on March 15, 1767, in the area between North Carolina and South Carolina. He was a lawyer and a landowner, he became a national hero after beating the British at New Orleans during the War of 1812. Jackson was elected the seventh president of the United States in 1828. Known as the people s president, Jackson removed the Second Bank of the United States, founded the DemocraticRead MoreThe Legacy Of Andrew Jackson1090 Words   |  5 PagesAndrew Jackson America’s history is rich and full of countless heroes, scandals, and incredible stories. Perhaps one of the most interesting of those stories is that of Andrew Jackson’s. To some, he was a hero, but to others, he was their worst enemy. Being raised in the mountains of the Carolinas, he became the first â€Å"backcountry president† of the United States (Wilentz, 13). His fame, though, began years before his presidency. Jackson’s reputation was established during the War of 1812, namelyRead MoreThe Philosophy of the American Settlers Westward Expansion Leads to Expulsion of the Native Americans1197 Words   |  5 Pagespolicies that would remove Indians. Due to the long history various conflicts between Indians and Americans, the American settlers were apprehensive toward the Indians, leading to the perceived need of the removal of the Indians for their safety. Andrew Jackson’s negative attitude toward of the Indians also aroused public sentiment against them. Jackson’s position as a leader gave him more influence on the people, who knew of the battles he had won against the Indians during his time as an â€Å"IndianRead MoreEssay Andrew Jackson: A National Hero Never to be Forgotten969 Words   |  4 Pageswas not a man to mess with. Nick-named for his toughness, our nation’s seventh president was a favorite general among his soldiers. Andrew Jackson stood for t he common man, being one of the only presidents born into poverty. This victorious man shaped the modern Democratic Party we know today, and is a national hero that will never be forgotten. Andrew Jackson was born March 15, 1767 in Waxhaw, a settlement between North and South Carolina. He resided in the forested region of the western CarolinasRead MoreThe Legacy Of Andrew Jackson919 Words   |  4 Pagesof Irish colonizers in 1767, somewhere in the Carolina’s, Andrew Jackson received little formal education throughout his adolescence. During the British raid of the Carolinas in the 1780’s, Andrew Jackson, was taken as a prisoner of war, where in the course of his imprisonment, after refusing to clean and polish an English officer s boots, Jackson was struck across the face with a saber, leaving scars. In due course of the attack, Jackson lost his mother and two brothers to British forces, leaving

Lord of Flies Free Essays

Humankind seems to have an enormous capacity for savagery, for brutality, for lack of empathy, for lack of compassion. † This quote introduces the idea that humans have a brutal nature and are drawn away from the civilized ways of life because of it. When true human nature is allowed to be seen, these savagely characteristics are made visible and these other courteous ways of life are forgotten. We will write a custom essay sample on Lord of Flies or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the novel Lord of the Flies by William Gilding, the boys choose to allow Jack’s violent and fearful leadership, abandoning Rally’s authority based on order and civilized norms, proving that rule based on savagery appeals to mans dark human nature and will overshadow leadership based on civility to the detriment of society. This realization is shown in the novel when, at the beginning, all of the boys follow the same rules that have been put on them for their whole lives, but as the story progresses Jack follows his savagery human instincts and some boys follow. At he end of the story all of the boys true selves are exposed and savagery and brutality have consumed the boys. At the start of the novel,while on the island the boys follow the rules that society has always made them follow, making the Island a peaceful and organized society but very early on it is made known that the boys don’t want to follow these norms that have been put on them their entire life. When they first get to the island, they keep order by electing a leader. â€Å"†¦ We ought to have a hive to decide things†¦ Let’s have a vote†¦ TLS toy of voting was almost as pleasing as the conch. † peg. 22. Voting Is something that is done In a normal society and they boys take this systematic way of making decisions and use It on the Island. This shows that for a small amount of time, their regular ways of living stay with them because this Is what seems normal to them. They have been taught these ways to do things their entire life and they have been enforced by adults so they continue to do this while on he Island. Adding on to that, the boys also take things that they have learned In school and apply It to the Island. While deciding who should talk during assemblies, Ralph suggests that, ‘We’ll have to have ‘Hands up’ Like at school†¦ Then I’ll give him the conch†¦ He can hold It when he’s speaking. † peg. 33 Ralph, suggests this because this Is what they have been taught to do In school when they have something to say that way chaos and commotion Is prevented. How to cite Lord of Flies, Papers

Theoretical Framework free essay sample

Theoretical Framework Theoretical Framework Through the course material as well as the knowledge gleaned through research of gap analysis in reflective nursing practice, it is clear that reflective practice is widely accepted in literature and by educators as utilitarian in promoting a high-level of nursing performance. However, bridging the gap between academia and the world of clinical practice continues to be problematic, as the orientation of academia continues to lack empirical verification from clinical practice (Bastable, 2008). Schon (as cited in Bastable, 2008) proposed in the 1980s that reflective practice, which focuses on applying concepts gleaned from scientific perspectives, would result not only in producing immediate improvement in patient care practices but also offer nurses insight into applications for future practice (Bastable, 2008). However, as shown in the gap analysis, there is a gap in the literature that indicates empirical verification of Schons assumption. Therefore, the aim of this paper, proposes a component of a theoretical framework designed to address this discrepancy by showing how the proposed theoretical component can be used to increase the utilization of reflective practice within professional nursing. We will write a custom essay sample on Theoretical Framework or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This theoretical framework draws upon the work of nursing theorist Rosemary Rizzo Parses Theory of Human Becoming. An Overview of Parses Theory Rosemarie Rizzo Parses Theory of Human Becoming focuses on the human-universe-health process that Parse regard as the principal phenomenon of concern for the discipline of nursing (Fawcett, 2005, p. 72). The purpose of Parses theory is to offer a comprehensive nursing model that provides an alternative to the medical model, but also focusing on themes that Parse believes should be the focus of nursing, such as the themes of rhythm and transcendence. Parse categorizes nursing theories into two principal categories: those that follow the simultaneity paradigm and those that follow the totality paradigm (McKenna, 1997). The totality paradigm has its roots in both Newtonian and Cartesian science and corresponds well with the medical model (Wilson-Thomas, 1995). Parse argues that this has been the leading paradigm in nursing, giving rise to a variety of theories, which focus on aiding patients adaptation to the environment (McKenna, 1997). However, in contrast to Martha Rogers in 1970, Parse in 1981 elaborates on the difference between the simultaneity paradigm, and the totality paradigm in three significant dimensions (Fawcett, 2005). The totality paradigm dimensions incorporate assumptions about the person and health in relation to the goal of nursing; and in the implications for research and practice (McKenna, 1997, p. 01). The simultaneity paradigm views the person as a unitary being who is in continuous mutual and simultaneous interaction with the environment (McKenna, 1997, pp. 101-102). In this viewpoint, health is understood as a â€Å"process of becoming,† and as a set of value priorities (McKenna, 1997, p. 102). Parses theory incorporates four assumptions concerning human behavior and four assumptions relating to the process of becoming. The assumptions about human beings follows: The human is coexisting while co-constituting rhythmical patterns with the universe The human is open, freely choosing meaning in situation, bearing responsibility for decisions The human is [indivisible], continuously co-constituting patterns of relating The human is transcending multi-dimensionally with the possible (Fawcett, 2005, p. 474). Component of a Theoretical Framework       Human behavior relies on the day- to- day experiences while drawing on training to make decisions. A great deal of nursing training often focuses on the medical aspects of patient care; therefore, there is a tendency to focus solely on these aspects of patient care. However, it is also true that the medical side of patient care, the physical needs of the individual who is the focus of care, does not address the differentiating factors specific to nursing, such as holistic care that considers the psychological, spiritual, emotional and social needs of the patient. Therefore, the first concept in the proposed component is that knowledge of a grand nursing theory, such as Parses, can have a beneficial effect on patient care, and a holistic effect for describing the definitions of superlative nursing care. A phrase well known about the role of concepts in theory building is that concepts are the â€Å"building blocks of theory' (Rodgers, 2000, p. 9). In her book on concept care mapping, Schuster (2008), points out the utility of concepts, as these are the ideas that practicing nurses use to guide, facilitate and implement practice behaviors. As the above description indicates, Parses theory provides the theoretical framework that the first component addresses. The second concept is the premise that incorporating Parses principles into nursing practice requires reflection for nurses engaged in clinical practice. In adding to the discussions on theory development theory Meleis ( 2007), addresses the following four major strategies for addressing theory development: Theory to practice to theory; practice to theory; research to theory; and theory to research to theory ( p. 191). The theory to practice to theory strategy refers to when the theorist selects a theory to apply to practice and uses this experience to refine the theory still further (Meleis, 2007). A pivotal assumption in this strategy is that the main precepts of the theory are congruent with the assumptions that guide nursing (Meleis, 2007, p. 191). This statement is certainly applicable to Parses orientation, which provides a nursing alternative to the medical model. Frisch (2009), argues that nursing is holistic in nature, as nursing, as a profession, has never had its focus only on the physical body or the disease entity, but has because its inception, also focused on the clients experience of the condition (Frisch, 2009, p. 113). The definition of nursing theory offered by Frisch encompasses reflective practice, as she indicates â€Å"nursing theory is a framework from which professional nurses can think about their work (Frisch, 2009, p. 114). In other words, by requiring nurses to be knowledgeable about a theory, Parses theory is used as an example, and then stipulating that nurses reflect on ways that Parses theoretical principles can be applied to practice, the components defined above influence the incidence and implementation of reflective practice. How a Theoretical Framework Reflects Meta-paradigms of Nursing Theoretical nursing models are composed of the theorists conceptualization of the major paradigm concepts found within nursing, e. g. , person, environment, health and nursing, as well as those concepts unique to that model (Fitzpatrick Whall, 2005, p. 17). The concept of person, the recipient of care, whether a single individual, a family, a small group or a community, is central to the formulation of the theory with the model often focusing on the interrelationships between person and additional concepts (Fitzpatrick Whall, 2005, p. 17). The way in which theorists define environment is another significant area for determining the theorists perspective. Environments can be directional, linear, open or closed, and related to the way in which the other meta-paradigm concepts are addressed (Fitzpatrick Whall, 2005, p. 17). Concerning the meta-paradigms of nursing, the perspective of Parses theory focuses on the theoretical foundation for the proposed theory components described above. However, in developing her theory, Parse synthesizes Rogers theory, i. e. , the Science of Unitary Human Beings.