General Manager Essay Example for Free

Senior supervisor Essay 1. Arranging organization †¢ Provide authority and vision to the association by helping the Board and staff with the improvement of long range and yearly plans, and with the assessment and detailing of progress on plans . †¢ Oversee arrangement of an Annual Report summing up progress on short and long range plans. †¢ Research and compose conversation papers, investigation archives and recommendations varying to help the association in deciding and meeting its long and momentary objectives. 2. HR the board †¢ Recruitment and contracting of organization and venture staff; †¢ Employee improvement, and preparing; †¢ Policy improvement and documentation; †¢ Employee relations; †¢ Performance the executives and improvement frameworks; †¢ Employment and consistence to administrative concerns and announcing; †¢ Company-wide advisory group assistance including arranging, creation, staff and †¢ Board of Directors, including orchestrating gatherings and plans, joining in and minuting gatherings; 3. Task the executives: †¢ Manage recruit and dissemination of music scores and parts, including any performing rights installments. †¢ Oversee the booking of visits this incorporates: setting contact from arranging the arrangement to dissemination of crowd polls, projects and product. †¢ Oversee association of organization transport, means and convenience. †¢ Liaise with Production Manager to administer recruit and conveyance/transport of all specialized and creation hardware. 4. Showcasing and PR: †¢ Manage publicizing openings in other venue program, press and at scenes. †¢ Organize the accessibility of organization individuals for media/PR occasions as important. †¢ Oversee substance, creation and dispersion of all promoting and exposure materials (banners, program, flyers, mail outs, pamphlets and so on) with chief, fashioner and venture director. †¢ Manage press advancement; †¢ Co-ordinate the greeting of likely future advertisers and supporters of the organization. 5. Budgetary administration †¢ Provide proposals with respect to speculations and money systems. †¢ Oversee readiness of yearly financial plan, normal fluctuation explanations and yearly review. †¢ Provide vision in regards to by and large money related wellbeing of the organization. †¢ Provide vision and pioneer transport in long range financial wanting to guarantee the coherence and dissolvability of the organization. †¢ Provide suggestions with respect to compelling use of long and transient obligation, including renegotiating and buying/deals. †¢ Oversee raising money endeavors. 7. Creation/QC: †¢ Insure precise documentation of creation and quality control information and records. †¢ Direct and regulate site creation exercises and work force. †¢ Oversee and guarantee high wellbeing measures consistently. †¢ Direct creation exercises to guarantee wellbeing and consistence with quality control gauges, administrative consistence, and rent understandings. †¢ Oversee as well as guarantee great housekeeping at site consistently. 6. Managerial administration †¢ Ensure customer and seller record honesty (archives, explanatory data where required, correspondence documentations, and so forth) †¢ Maintain general oversight and guarantee precision of records including A/R, A/P, Inventory, and so forth †¢ Assist being developed of structures and instruments to expand organization proficiency and hazard the board. III/Job determination of head supervisor expected set of responsibilities 1. At least five years of involvement with business the board, arranging and money related oversight. 2. At least five years of involvement with staff the executives, including employing, management, assessment and advantages organization. 3. At least three years of experience working with a top managerial staff and panels. 4. College alumni or proportional experience. 5. Demonstrated aptitudes in business and money related administration. 6. Shown capacity to work with understudy part proprietors. 7. Shown capacity to work in a proactively different and comprehensive association. 8. Amazing, demonstrated relational, verbal and composed interchanges aptitudes. 9. Exhibited capacity to oversee and administer a staff group. 10. Successful critical thinking and intercession aptitudes. 11. Shown capacity to impart aptitudes and information to other people. 12. Capability with office PC hardware and programming. 13. Shown capacity to perform various tasks and work in a quick paced office setting. 14. Demonstrated capacity to adapt to strife, stress and emergency circumstances. III/TYPES OF EXECUTIVE JOB DESCRIPTION Official sets of responsibilities incorporate JDs as follows: 1. President expected set of responsibilities 2. Official Director expected set of responsibilities 3. Tasks chief expected set of responsibilities 4. Official right hand expected set of responsibilities 5. Head supervisor expected set of responsibilities Source: Executive expected set of responsibilities and inquiries addresses word reference III/Compensation and advantages Net pay: 2.950 USD/month. Email: [emailprotected]

How to Write a Law School Case Brief

Instructions to Write a Law School Case Brief Composing aâ case briefâ can be somewhat simple once you’ve got the organization down. While this guide concentrates more on the structure of a composed brief, you should keep the greater part of the components while doing a book brief also. Peruse a case once before you start preparation, and afterward center around the significant pieces of the case, which will end up being the components of the case brief: Difficulty: Average Time Required: Depends on length of case Here's How Facts: Pinpoint the determinative realities of a case,â i.e., those that have any kind of effect in the result. Your objective here is to have the option to recount to the tale of the case without missing any appropriate data yet in addition excluding an excessive number of unessential realities it is possible that; it takes some training to choose the determinative realities, so don’t get disheartened on the off chance that you come up short the initial barely any occasions. Most importantly, ensure you have unmistakably denoted the parties’ names and positions for the situation (Plaintiff/Defendant or Appellee/Appellant).Procedural History: Record what has happened procedurally for the situation up until this point. The dates of case filings, movements of synopsis judgment, court decisions, preliminaries, and decisions or decisions ought to be noted, yet typically this isn’t a critical piece of aâ case briefâ unless the court choice is vigorously situate d in procedural principles or except if you note that your teacher wants to concentrate on procedural history.Issue Presented: Formulate the primary issue or issues for the situation as questions, ideally with a yes or no answer, which will help you all the more unmistakably express the holding in the following segment of the case brief. Holding: The holding ought to straightforwardly react to the inquiry in the Issue Presented, start with â€Å"yes† or â€Å"no,† and expound with â€Å"because†¦Ã¢â‚¬  from that point. On the off chance that the supposition says â€Å"We hold†¦Ã¢â‚¬  that’s the holding; a few possessions aren’t so natural to pinpoint, however, so search for the lines in the assessment that answer your Issue Presented question.Rule of Law: at times, this will be more clear than others, yet essentially you need to distinguish the guideline of law on which the adjudicator or equity is basing the goals of the case. This is the thing that you’ll regularly hear called â€Å"black letter law.†Legal Reasoning: This is the most significant piece of your brief as it depicts why the court governed the manner in which it did; some law educators harp on realities more than others, some more on procedural history, yet all invest the most energy in the court ’s thinking as it consolidates all pieces of the case overflowed with one, portraying the utilization of the standard of law to the realities of the case, frequently refering to different court’s sentiments and thinking or open approach contemplations so as to answer the issue introduced. This piece of your short follows the court’s thinking bit by bit, so be certain that you record it without holes in rationale also. Agreeing/Dissenting Opinion: You don’t need to invest an excessive amount of energy in this part other than the pinpoint the agreeing or contradicting judge’s primary concern of conflict with the lion's share assessment and basis. Agreeing and contradicting conclusions hold heaps of law professor Socratic Methodâ fodder, and you can be prepared by remembering this part for your case brief.Importance to class: While having the entirety of the above will give you a total brief, you may likewise need to make a few notes on why the case is significant pertinent to your group. Scribble down why the case was remembered for your understanding task (why it was imperative to peruse) and any inquiries you have about the case also. While instructions cases is consistently useful, your brief is generally significant with regards to the class that it is for. What You Need Case bookPaper and pen or computerAttention to detail

The Definition of Random Assignment In Psychology

The Definition of Random Assignment In Psychology Student Resources Study Guides and Tips Print The Definition of Random Assignment According to Psychology By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on September 17, 2019 Materio/ Getty Images More in Student Resources Study Guides and Tips APA Style and Writing Careers Random assignment?? refers to the use of chance procedures in psychology experiments to ensure that each participant has the same opportunity to be assigned to any given group. Study participants are randomly assigned to different groups, such as the experimental group, or treatment group. Random assignment might involve such tactics as flipping a coin, drawing names out of a hat, rolling dice, or assigning random numbers to participants. It is important to note that random assignment?? differs from random selection. While random selection refers to how participants are randomly chosen to represent the larger population, random assignment refers to how those chosen participants are then assigned to experimental groups. How Does Random Assignment Work in a Psychology Experiment? To determine if changes in one variable lead to changes in another variable, psychologists must perform an experiment. Researchers often begin by forming a testable hypothesis predicting that one variable of interest will have some impact on another variable. The variable that the experimenters will manipulate in the experiment is known as the independent variable while the variable that they will then measure is known as the dependent variable. While there are different ways to look at relationships between variables, an experiment is the best way to get a clear idea if there is a cause-and-effect relationship between two or more variables. Once researchers have formulated a hypothesis, conducted background research, and chosen an experimental design, it is time to find participants for their experiment. How exactly do researchers decide who will be part of an experiment? As mentioned previously, this is often accomplished through something known as random selection. In order to generalize the results of an experiment to a larger group, it is important to choose a sample that is representative of the qualities found in that population. For example, if the total population is 51 percent female and 49 percent male, then the sample should reflect those same percentages. Choosing a representative sample is often accomplished by randomly picking people from the population to be participants in a study. Random selection means that everyone in the group stands an equal chance of being chosen. Once a pool of participants has been selected, it is time to assign them into groups. By randomly assigning the participants into groups, the experimenters can be sure that each group will be the same before the independent variable is applied. Participants might be randomly assigned to the control group, which does not receive the treatment in question. Or they might be randomly assigned to the experimental group, which does receive the treatment. Random assignment increases the likelihood that the two groups are the same at the outset, that way any changes that result from the application of the independent variable can be assumed to be the result of the treatment of interest. Example of Random Assignment Imagine that a researcher is interested in learning whether or not drinking caffeinated beverages prior to an exam will improve test performance. After randomly selecting a pool of participants, each person is randomly assigned to either the control group or the experimental group.The participants in the control group consume a placebo drink prior to the exam that does not contain any caffeine. Those in the experimental group, on the other hand, consume a caffeinated beverage before taking the test.Participants in both groups then take the test and the researcher compares the results to determine if the caffeinated beverage had any impact on test performance. A Word From Verywell Random assignment plays an  important role in the psychology research process.?? Not only does this process help eliminate possible sources of bias, but it also makes it easier to generalize the results of a tested sample population to a larger population. Random assignment?? helps ensure that members of each group in the experiment are the same, which means that the groups are also likely more representative of what is present in the larger population. Through the use of this technique, psychology researchers are able to study complex phenomena and contribute to our understanding of the human mind and behavior.

What I Was A Salesman - 1337 Words

No sooner than did I arrive home, I received a call from what I assumed was a salesman. It was, in fact, a salesman, but was for instead something I had already bought. The call regarded a custom shirt I had ordered online, a T-shirt with a blocky cartoon drawing of Otto von Bismarck on it. The operator on the phone told me that the company could not print me the shirt because the image was copyright of some artist who sold the design on another website. I tried explaining that I had taken reference from probably the same image but I had changed it to be another art style. This however was not good enough for them, and thus had canceled my order. After spending what felt like an hour scouring Google, I finally found the shirt that I was apparently infringing upon. It was located on an outdated website and displayed no price. After looking some more, I was directed to a page saying the shirts are no longer available as of 2008. As a consumer of the twenty first century capitalist free market society, there will always be a way to secure merchandise one way or another through relatively easy means. Then, the bigger picture hit me. Why is it that the face of a person of historical significance is copyrighted by someone who makes t-shirts and then refuses to sell them?. To me this makes no sense, if he s not willing to distribute it, why can t someone else at least enjoy it? It s obvious he s not been making any attempt to profit from it for some time. When was theShow MoreRelatedWhat I Was A Salesman1542 Words   |  7 Pagessooner then did I arrive home from class, I received a call from what I assumed was a salesman. It was in fact, a salesman, but was for instead something I had already bought. The call regarded a custom shirt I had ordered online. A T-shirt with a blocky cartoon drawing of Otto von Bismarck on it. The operator on the phone told me that the company could not print me the shirt because the image was copyright of some artist who sold the design on another website. I tried explaining that I had taken referenceRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman Tragedy Essay1365 Words   |  6 PagesDeath of a Salesman is a tragic play written in 1949 by Arthur Miller. The story is about a salesman who lost his identity after having an affair with anoth er woman and can’t seem to accept the changes in his life since the event. The story has been performed in theaters and shown on film for many years. Lee Siegel, a writer for The Nation explains the role of Death of a Salesman in the entertainment industry: Every ten years or so, Death of a Salesman is revived, and every ten years we get theRead MoreAuthor Miller’s Death Of A Salesman: A Family’s Misguided Attempt At The American Dream 707 Words   |  3 Pages Death of a salesman is a two-act play set in the late 1940s. The death of a salesman is a tragic story of one family’s failed attempt to live the American dream. Majority of the action in the play takes place in the Loman’s home and yard. The Loman family consists of Wily, Linda and their two sons Biff and Happy. Overall I consider Death of A Salesman a fascinating Play. To begin with I found my self-having difficulty reading the play. I immediately began writing off the play as another story ofRead MoreWhen I First Arrived At Robertson Electrical And Mechanical1033 Words   |  5 PagesWhen I first arrived at Robertson Electrical and Mechanical Sales and Service (REM) in Van Buren, Arkansas, I met with Mr. Butcher and we sat in his office. Mr. Butcher and I began discussing sales, past experiences, and my future in the business world. He explained his history as a salesman, and his experiences with his previous company. Mr. Butcher explained the different types of sales, such as customer centric, and product centric. Having learned the difference in economic buyers and relationshipRead More Women Buying Cars Essay1601 Words   |  7 Pageswhile trying to buy my first car, I experienced frustration in gaining acknowledgment from salesmen as well as their respect at several different dealerships.   I discovered it was my attitude and approach to the salesmen that would make the difference in the treatment I received from the them in buying a car myself.   I discovered, by informing the salesman from the beginning that I was serious and financially capable of buying a car, I was able to get a salesman to take time in helping me, a highRead MoreThemes of Failure, Self Delusion, and Conflict in Death of a Salesman568 Words   |  3 Pagesthe play â€Å"Death of a Salesman† there are multiple themes, some are obvious and others are just noticeable. Much of it revolves around the Main Character Willy and how he has confused reality with constant illusions and dreams. Based on my experience with â€Å"Death of a Salesman† I can say that there are multiple themes fused through this play. For example the author used these themes to create a strong central meaning or message that the reader can clearly understand. Overall I believe Arthur MillerRead MoreArthur Miller s Death Of A Salesman1144 Words   |  5 PagesArthur Miller: Death of a Salesman Life for many in America are missing the same elements that â€Å"Death of a Salesman† exposed. Those element are love and direction. Many people face these struggles at some point in their life, but don’t know what to do to progress. Arthur Miller devised a style whereby he could show how your past can continuously impact on your future. Each character highlights the powerlessness of a dream to give meaning and control to human life. I disagree with some of theRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Death Of A Salesman 873 Words   |  4 Pages What happens when a child is held to high expectations; also what if a parent has instilled faulty morals into a child that they expect greatness from? This can lead to a terrible combination of failures and disappointments. In Death of a Salesman, by Author Miller the readers see how a character named Biff, a child held to high expectations, partnered with a parent with faulty morals, has ultimately caused his inability to see things for what they are and he is unable toRead MoreIs Willy Loman a Tragic Hero in Death of Salesman1305 Words   |  6 PagesWilly Loman’s character in Death of a Salesman portrays him as a tragic hero. Willy Loman continued to want his recognition and his reputation but never forgets about his family. These characteristics describe him as a tragic hero in Death of a Salesman. Willy Loman’s tragic flow leads him to purse the idea that reputation in society has more relevancies in life than knowledge and education to survive in the business. His grand error of wanting recognition drove him crazy and insane and lead toRead MoreComparing Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller and Fences by August Wilson 1403 Words   |  6 PagesFences written by August Wilson and Death of a Salesman written by Arthur Miller are two plays that could be considered very different in terms of their plot. The plots of both plays contain two very different cultural backgrounds which affects each protagonist differently. If the reader or audience looks past the plot into the theme and symbolisms used they can see that the plays are more similar than they are different. In spite of the different cultural backgrounds of each protagonist they both

The War Of 1812 By Andrew Jackson - 1932 Words

The War of 1812, perhaps like most wars, may appear to be without merit, ironic and perverse. It began in response to Britain’s policy of impressment, employed to prevent France, its enemy in the Napoleonic Wars, from obtaining supplies from America, and ended with the reallocation of British troops to North America after the defeat of Napoleon. The War contained so much irony to the extent that a truce was declared, but not communicated to the troops in America, before the largest battle of the war took place at New Orleans. A war that curbed American expansion also included a general, Andrew Jackson, who parlayed his fame as a general the War of 1812 to the Presidency and who would become an expansionist President responsible for the†¦show more content†¦Far from the shores of England, and to a large extent independent from the mother country, Canada remained reliant upon Britain, at least for its military expertise. Although Britain was largely preoccupied with the Napoleonic Wars in Europe, its military support of Canada, especially in the later phases of the war, proved to be decisive in the defeat of the Americans. Perhaps this is only appropriate given that Britain’s policy of impressment of American vessels and sailors was a principal cause of the War of 1812(Black, 185). To be fair though, American expansionist sentiment, embodied in the cries of the War Hawks leading up to the War of 1812, and that later manifested itself in the form of Manifest Destiny contained in the Monroe Doctrine, was also a cause of the war. Also contributing to the start of the War was the growing expansionist sentiment in the United States that was based on the idea of American superiority over Canada(185). This sense of superiority was rooted not only in the ideology of the American revolution, that republicanism and democracy were superior to monarchy and despotism, but also in the comparative advantage in population, manpower, financial and indu strial strength enjoyed by America (Creighton,108). To the Americans, Upper Canada was an appealing and exceedingly vulnerable province by virtue of its geography, small population and perhaps even more so because of the composition of that population that included many recentShow MoreRelatedThe War Of 1812 By Andrew Jackson1681 Words   |  7 PagesFrom being a well-known war hero in the War of 1812 to becoming the 7th president of the United States, Andrew Jackson lived a marvelous life. His past life may have affected him greatly, but it never stopped him from moving to one role to another. In addition, Jackson had gone through great lengths to obtain his position and popularity as president. He was the first self-made man, who started from very low points in his life, who became president. Furthermore, he was well known for his casual temperRead MoreAndrew Jacksons Colorful Military Career1286 Words   |  5 Pagesbecame Commander in Chief. Andrew Jackson, born 1767 in South Carolina, was a prisoner of war during War of Independence; his treatment resulting in a lifelong dislike of Great Britain, (Andrew Jackson n.d.). After the British captured the belligerent Jackson, he was ordered to clean a British officers boots. When he refused, the officer drew his sword and slashed Jacksons hand to the bone, (Patrick, n.d.). This memorable treatment by the British inspired Jackson to take up arms against theRead MoreThe War Of 1812 Was A Great Deal Of Curiosity1615 Words   |  7 Pagesto cause a great deal of curiosity. For instance, someone may wonder what the War of 1812 was and what difficulties the United States had in waging the War of 1812. They also might ponder about why the War of 1812 was widely viewed as a victory for the United States or how the war lead to an increasing pattern of diplomatic cooperation between the United States and Britain. Our very own seventh president, Andrew Jackson, has meant a great deal in our history and some may ask wha t it was about hisRead MoreAndrew Jackson 3 Essays1624 Words   |  7 PagesMcQuade U.S. History 1-c Laba term paper April 17, 2013 Andrew Jackson Throughout the years there have been many presidents, but Andrew Jackson was different. He had many different policies, and his personality set him apart from a lot of other presidents. Andrew Jackson was the seventh president but some would consider him to be the first because he seemed so different from others. Andrew Jackson did not have the easiest childhood while growing up, his father hadRead MoreAnalysis Of Forest Mcdonad s States Rights And The Union1101 Words   |  5 PagesStates, the Declaration of Independence, this problem of knowing where the people, states, and national government holds authority occurs. The question of power occurs in the the first document, the Declaration of Independence, the War of 1812, the presidency of Andrew Jackson, and McDonald points out in the first document of the United States, the Declaration of Independence, the rights of states and the rights of the nation are stated; however, some portions of the document can easily lead to confusionRead MoreThe Man Of History : Andrew Jackson1124 Words   |  5 PagesMEN OF HISTORY ISSUE #1 ANDREW JACKSON MEN OF HISTORY issue #1 ANDREW JACKSON 7TH PRESIDENT Andrew Jackson was born on March 15, 1767, in the area between North Carolina and South Carolina. He was a lawyer and a landowner, he became a national hero after beating the British at New Orleans during the War of 1812. Jackson was elected the seventh president of the United States in 1828. Known as the people s president, Jackson removed the Second Bank of the United States, founded the DemocraticRead MoreThe Legacy Of Andrew Jackson1090 Words   |  5 PagesAndrew Jackson America’s history is rich and full of countless heroes, scandals, and incredible stories. Perhaps one of the most interesting of those stories is that of Andrew Jackson’s. To some, he was a hero, but to others, he was their worst enemy. Being raised in the mountains of the Carolinas, he became the first â€Å"backcountry president† of the United States (Wilentz, 13). His fame, though, began years before his presidency. Jackson’s reputation was established during the War of 1812, namelyRead MoreThe Philosophy of the American Settlers Westward Expansion Leads to Expulsion of the Native Americans1197 Words   |  5 Pagespolicies that would remove Indians. Due to the long history various conflicts between Indians and Americans, the American settlers were apprehensive toward the Indians, leading to the perceived need of the removal of the Indians for their safety. Andrew Jackson’s negative attitude toward of the Indians also aroused public sentiment against them. Jackson’s position as a leader gave him more influence on the people, who knew of the battles he had won against the Indians during his time as an â€Å"IndianRead MoreEssay Andrew Jackson: A National Hero Never to be Forgotten969 Words   |  4 Pageswas not a man to mess with. Nick-named for his toughness, our nation’s seventh president was a favorite general among his soldiers. Andrew Jackson stood for t he common man, being one of the only presidents born into poverty. This victorious man shaped the modern Democratic Party we know today, and is a national hero that will never be forgotten. Andrew Jackson was born March 15, 1767 in Waxhaw, a settlement between North and South Carolina. He resided in the forested region of the western CarolinasRead MoreThe Legacy Of Andrew Jackson919 Words   |  4 Pagesof Irish colonizers in 1767, somewhere in the Carolina’s, Andrew Jackson received little formal education throughout his adolescence. During the British raid of the Carolinas in the 1780’s, Andrew Jackson, was taken as a prisoner of war, where in the course of his imprisonment, after refusing to clean and polish an English officer s boots, Jackson was struck across the face with a saber, leaving scars. In due course of the attack, Jackson lost his mother and two brothers to British forces, leaving

Lord of Flies Free Essays

Humankind seems to have an enormous capacity for savagery, for brutality, for lack of empathy, for lack of compassion. † This quote introduces the idea that humans have a brutal nature and are drawn away from the civilized ways of life because of it. When true human nature is allowed to be seen, these savagely characteristics are made visible and these other courteous ways of life are forgotten. We will write a custom essay sample on Lord of Flies or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the novel Lord of the Flies by William Gilding, the boys choose to allow Jack’s violent and fearful leadership, abandoning Rally’s authority based on order and civilized norms, proving that rule based on savagery appeals to mans dark human nature and will overshadow leadership based on civility to the detriment of society. This realization is shown in the novel when, at the beginning, all of the boys follow the same rules that have been put on them for their whole lives, but as the story progresses Jack follows his savagery human instincts and some boys follow. At he end of the story all of the boys true selves are exposed and savagery and brutality have consumed the boys. At the start of the novel,while on the island the boys follow the rules that society has always made them follow, making the Island a peaceful and organized society but very early on it is made known that the boys don’t want to follow these norms that have been put on them their entire life. When they first get to the island, they keep order by electing a leader. â€Å"†¦ We ought to have a hive to decide things†¦ Let’s have a vote†¦ TLS toy of voting was almost as pleasing as the conch. † peg. 22. Voting Is something that is done In a normal society and they boys take this systematic way of making decisions and use It on the Island. This shows that for a small amount of time, their regular ways of living stay with them because this Is what seems normal to them. They have been taught these ways to do things their entire life and they have been enforced by adults so they continue to do this while on he Island. Adding on to that, the boys also take things that they have learned In school and apply It to the Island. While deciding who should talk during assemblies, Ralph suggests that, ‘We’ll have to have ‘Hands up’ Like at school†¦ Then I’ll give him the conch†¦ He can hold It when he’s speaking. † peg. 33 Ralph, suggests this because this Is what they have been taught to do In school when they have something to say that way chaos and commotion Is prevented. How to cite Lord of Flies, Papers

Theoretical Framework free essay sample

Theoretical Framework Theoretical Framework Through the course material as well as the knowledge gleaned through research of gap analysis in reflective nursing practice, it is clear that reflective practice is widely accepted in literature and by educators as utilitarian in promoting a high-level of nursing performance. However, bridging the gap between academia and the world of clinical practice continues to be problematic, as the orientation of academia continues to lack empirical verification from clinical practice (Bastable, 2008). Schon (as cited in Bastable, 2008) proposed in the 1980s that reflective practice, which focuses on applying concepts gleaned from scientific perspectives, would result not only in producing immediate improvement in patient care practices but also offer nurses insight into applications for future practice (Bastable, 2008). However, as shown in the gap analysis, there is a gap in the literature that indicates empirical verification of Schons assumption. Therefore, the aim of this paper, proposes a component of a theoretical framework designed to address this discrepancy by showing how the proposed theoretical component can be used to increase the utilization of reflective practice within professional nursing. We will write a custom essay sample on Theoretical Framework or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This theoretical framework draws upon the work of nursing theorist Rosemary Rizzo Parses Theory of Human Becoming. An Overview of Parses Theory Rosemarie Rizzo Parses Theory of Human Becoming focuses on the human-universe-health process that Parse regard as the principal phenomenon of concern for the discipline of nursing (Fawcett, 2005, p. 72). The purpose of Parses theory is to offer a comprehensive nursing model that provides an alternative to the medical model, but also focusing on themes that Parse believes should be the focus of nursing, such as the themes of rhythm and transcendence. Parse categorizes nursing theories into two principal categories: those that follow the simultaneity paradigm and those that follow the totality paradigm (McKenna, 1997). The totality paradigm has its roots in both Newtonian and Cartesian science and corresponds well with the medical model (Wilson-Thomas, 1995). Parse argues that this has been the leading paradigm in nursing, giving rise to a variety of theories, which focus on aiding patients adaptation to the environment (McKenna, 1997). However, in contrast to Martha Rogers in 1970, Parse in 1981 elaborates on the difference between the simultaneity paradigm, and the totality paradigm in three significant dimensions (Fawcett, 2005). The totality paradigm dimensions incorporate assumptions about the person and health in relation to the goal of nursing; and in the implications for research and practice (McKenna, 1997, p. 01). The simultaneity paradigm views the person as a unitary being who is in continuous mutual and simultaneous interaction with the environment (McKenna, 1997, pp. 101-102). In this viewpoint, health is understood as a â€Å"process of becoming,† and as a set of value priorities (McKenna, 1997, p. 102). Parses theory incorporates four assumptions concerning human behavior and four assumptions relating to the process of becoming. The assumptions about human beings follows: The human is coexisting while co-constituting rhythmical patterns with the universe The human is open, freely choosing meaning in situation, bearing responsibility for decisions The human is [indivisible], continuously co-constituting patterns of relating The human is transcending multi-dimensionally with the possible (Fawcett, 2005, p. 474). Component of a Theoretical Framework       Human behavior relies on the day- to- day experiences while drawing on training to make decisions. A great deal of nursing training often focuses on the medical aspects of patient care; therefore, there is a tendency to focus solely on these aspects of patient care. However, it is also true that the medical side of patient care, the physical needs of the individual who is the focus of care, does not address the differentiating factors specific to nursing, such as holistic care that considers the psychological, spiritual, emotional and social needs of the patient. Therefore, the first concept in the proposed component is that knowledge of a grand nursing theory, such as Parses, can have a beneficial effect on patient care, and a holistic effect for describing the definitions of superlative nursing care. A phrase well known about the role of concepts in theory building is that concepts are the â€Å"building blocks of theory' (Rodgers, 2000, p. 9). In her book on concept care mapping, Schuster (2008), points out the utility of concepts, as these are the ideas that practicing nurses use to guide, facilitate and implement practice behaviors. As the above description indicates, Parses theory provides the theoretical framework that the first component addresses. The second concept is the premise that incorporating Parses principles into nursing practice requires reflection for nurses engaged in clinical practice. In adding to the discussions on theory development theory Meleis ( 2007), addresses the following four major strategies for addressing theory development: Theory to practice to theory; practice to theory; research to theory; and theory to research to theory ( p. 191). The theory to practice to theory strategy refers to when the theorist selects a theory to apply to practice and uses this experience to refine the theory still further (Meleis, 2007). A pivotal assumption in this strategy is that the main precepts of the theory are congruent with the assumptions that guide nursing (Meleis, 2007, p. 191). This statement is certainly applicable to Parses orientation, which provides a nursing alternative to the medical model. Frisch (2009), argues that nursing is holistic in nature, as nursing, as a profession, has never had its focus only on the physical body or the disease entity, but has because its inception, also focused on the clients experience of the condition (Frisch, 2009, p. 113). The definition of nursing theory offered by Frisch encompasses reflective practice, as she indicates â€Å"nursing theory is a framework from which professional nurses can think about their work (Frisch, 2009, p. 114). In other words, by requiring nurses to be knowledgeable about a theory, Parses theory is used as an example, and then stipulating that nurses reflect on ways that Parses theoretical principles can be applied to practice, the components defined above influence the incidence and implementation of reflective practice. How a Theoretical Framework Reflects Meta-paradigms of Nursing Theoretical nursing models are composed of the theorists conceptualization of the major paradigm concepts found within nursing, e. g. , person, environment, health and nursing, as well as those concepts unique to that model (Fitzpatrick Whall, 2005, p. 17). The concept of person, the recipient of care, whether a single individual, a family, a small group or a community, is central to the formulation of the theory with the model often focusing on the interrelationships between person and additional concepts (Fitzpatrick Whall, 2005, p. 17). The way in which theorists define environment is another significant area for determining the theorists perspective. Environments can be directional, linear, open or closed, and related to the way in which the other meta-paradigm concepts are addressed (Fitzpatrick Whall, 2005, p. 17). Concerning the meta-paradigms of nursing, the perspective of Parses theory focuses on the theoretical foundation for the proposed theory components described above. However, in developing her theory, Parse synthesizes Rogers theory, i. e. , the Science of Unitary Human Beings.

Medical Article Essays - Stem Cells, Cord Blood, Umbilical Cord

Medical Article December 21, 1999 The Hope, and Hype, of Cord Blood By DENISE GRADY Should parents pay a blood bank to store the blood from their newborn baby's umbilical cord and placenta, in case that child or another family member ever needs it to treat cancer or leukemia? Expectant parents are being urged to do so by companies that have sprung up during the past few years to sell cord-blood banking as a form of biological insurance against such dreaded diseases. The pitch is based on reports in medical journals, such as a major study published last week in the New England Journal of Medicine, showing that cord blood can sometimes be used in place of a bone marrow transplant. Like bone marrow, cord blood is rich in stem cells, which can churn out many different types of cells to rebuild a patient's blood supply and immune system after high doses of radiation and chemotherapy. And a patient's own cord blood, or that from a relative, is more likely than cord blood from an unrelated donor to be a good tissue match and to be accepted by the recipient's body. Some experts in bone-marrow transplantation and blood banking frown on the cord-blood business, arguing that people are being frightened into wasting money on a service they will probably never need. Moreover, private companies are growing in tandem with public banks, and some scientists worry that private banking will limit public access to cord blood. They are concerned because the cord blood in private banks remains the property of the donor family and is not available to patients seeking a compatible donor. But the companies say that however remote the possibility that the blood will be needed, people who choose to bank their own cord blood have a right to do so. In most cases their cord blood would be thrown away in the delivery room if they did not pay to bank it. There are only a few cord-blood banks in the United States, and most hospitals do not have specially trained staff members to collect the blood. Like bone marrow, cord blood must be matched to the recipient by tests for six inherited traits that determine an individual's tissue type. Cord blood does not have to be as precisely matched as bone marrow, but still, the closer the match, the better the odds of success. The weaker the match, the more likely it is that the recipient's body will reject the transplant, or the transplant will attack the recipient's tissues, in a life-threatening reaction called graft versus host disease. The companies that freeze cord blood and bank it point out that a person's own cord blood is a perfect match, and a sibling's cord blood a more likely match than a specimen from a stranger. And so, the argument goes, the best way to protect an entire family from the unthinkable is to save the newborns' cord blood. Promotional literature for one company, Cord Blood Registry, in San Bruno, Calif., emphasizes that people with cancer in the family may have a special interest in cord-blood banking, along with those who have the hardest time finding matches, which includes members of racial minorities, especially families in which the parents are of different races. According to a spokeswoman, Scoti Kaesshaefer, the company reaches parents-to-be by promoting itself to doctors, nurses and childbirth educators, and by leaving information at hospitals. Among the promotional materials the company provided to the New York Times were copies of articles from other newspapers suggesting that cancer among children is on the rise. The company also has a Web site and an 800 number with a recorded greeting that instructs callers to have their credit cards ready. The idea of saving one's own cord blood seems to be catching on. Cord Blood Registry, which describes itself as the largest private cord-blood banking firm in the United States, has stored 10,000 samples during the past three years: 1,500 in 1995, 3,000 in 1996 and 6,000 in 1997. The company charges an initial fee of $1,200 to collect a sample and freeze it, and then $95 a year to keep it stored in liquid nitrogen at the blood bank at the University of Arizona. Customers include people with perfectly healthy children, who just want extra peace of mind, as well as some families who have lost a child to leukemia or another disease and fear for the health of their other children. In its three

Top Tips for Doing College Homework

Top Tips for Doing College Homework In contrast to the academic requirements of high school, college courses present a much heavier, more consistent workload. And with everything else that college students have to manage jobs, personal life, relationships, physical health, cocurricular obligations it can sometimes seem like getting your homework done is an impossible feat. At the same time, however,  not  getting your work done is a recipe for disaster. So, what tips and tricks can you use to get your homework done in college? Tips for Successfully Doing College Homework Use these tips to create a process that works for you and your personal study style. Use a Time Management System Put all major assignments and their due dates in your time management system.  A key part of staying on top of your homework is knowing whats coming; no one, after all, wants to realize on Tuesday that they have a major midterm on Thursday. To avoid surprising yourself, make sure all of your major homework assignments and their due dates are documented in your calendar. That way, you wont inadvertently sabotage your own success simply because youve mismanaged your time. Schedule Homework Time Schedule times to do homework each week, and keep those appointments.  Without designated time for addressing your  to-dos, youre more likely to cram at the last minute, which adds to your anxiety levels. By putting homework on your calendar, youll have the time allocated in your already-too-busy schedule, youll reduce your stress by knowing when, exactly, your homework will be done, and youll be better able to enjoy whatever else you have planned since youll know your homework is already taken care of. Sneak in Your Homework Use small increments of time whenever possible.  You know that 20-minute bus ride you have to and from campus every day? Well, thats 40 minutes a day, 5 days a week which means that if you did some reading during the ride, youd get more than 3 hours of homework done during your commute. Those little increments can add up: 30 minutes between classes here, 10 minutes waiting for a friend there. Be smart about sneaking in small bits of homework so that you can conquer the bigger assignments piece by piece. You Cant Always Get It All Done Understand that you cant always get all your homework done.  One of the biggest skills to learn in college is how to gauge what you  cant  get done. Because sometimes, there really is only so many hours in a day, and the basic laws of physics mean you cant accomplish everything on your to-do list. If you just cant get all your homework done, make some smart decisions about how to choose what to do and what to leave behind. Are you doing great in one of your classes, and skipping the reading one week shouldnt hurt too much? Are you failing another and definitely need to focus your efforts there? Hit the Reset Button Dont get caught up in the get-caught-up trap.  If you fall behind on your homework, its easy to think and hope that youll be able to catch up. So youll set a plan to catch up, but the more you try to catch up, the more you fall behind. If youre falling behind on your reading and are feeling overwhelmed, give yourself permission to start anew. Figure out what you need to get done for your next assignment or class, and get it done. Its easier to cover the material you missed when youre studying for an exam in the future than it is to fall further and further behind right now. Use Your Resources Use class and other resources to help make doing your homework more productive and efficient.  You might, for example, think that you dont need to go to class because the professor only covers whats already been addressed in the reading. Not true. You should always go to class for a variety of reasons and doing so can make your homework load lighter. Youll better understand the material, be better able to absorb the work you do out of class, be better prepared for upcoming exams (thereby saving you studying time and improving your academic performance), and overall just have a better mastery of the material. Additionally, use your professors office hours or time in an academic support center to reinforce what youve learned through your homework assignments. Doing homework shouldnt just be a to-do item on your list; it should be an essential part of your college academic experience.

You chose Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

You chose - Essay Example The disaster evolved, as a result of, two basic factors. Seemingly, the hurricane itself and the collapse of the levees that protected the city were built below the sea level. These aspects made Katrina a more complex natural disaster to fight leading to industrial disaster, evacuation challenges, widespread of poisonous pollution, persistent flooding and unprecedented public concerns regarding human safety. The protection against the Katrina is reflected to start with the weather forecasting team early 2005. The meteorologists warned people surrounding the Gulf Coast region to evacuate the region. Additionally, the National Weather Service was concerned in that it warned people that after the storm the area will be uninhabitable hence it advised people for looking alternative places to reside until it was over. The protection efforts by the federal government were seen to be executed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency. People in the New Orleans were to evacuate and seek for new shelter. However, the government had allowed some of the population that could not leave the town immediately to occupy the Morial Complex. Jointly, FEMA officials and an emergency-preparedness contractor advised FEMA that the evacuation process was not effective as it lacked sufficient transportation for the large population. There are different techniques that FEMA and other relevant authorities adopted for the mitigation process for the Katrina Hurricane. For instance, the University of Mississippi adopted the radio-controlled warning systems that warned of the Tornado. FEMA addressed and initiated Diamondhead homes in the Coastal regions that could prevent the people from future floods and injuries. It included a reinforced and laminated beams along the ceilings enhanced the roofs’ capability to anchor themselves. After such an event, the constructions of the houses in the affected areas were subjected to the International Residential

Merger versus IPO or Acquisition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Merger versus IPO or Acquisition - Essay Example However, the company is bound by regulatory restrictions to seek prior permission to conduct this exercise; a permission that might be granted or otherwise rejected under strict terms of engagements. Another threat lies in the management of the many stocks. The company may get locked up in meeting the expectation of the public market both in the short term and into the unforeseeable future before embarking on a meaningful journey of expansion (Burton & Prasad, 1997). Kudler Fine Foods also has the option of expanding its operations through mergers or opting to acquire another firm within its line of operations. Noteworthy, these two options possess more or less similar opportunities and challenges. In fact, the special alchemy of a merger and/or an acquisition is that a combined effort is greater than the sum of individuals’ efforts (King, Slotegraaf & Kesner, 2008). Accordingly, it would be more valuable for Kudler Fine Foods to seek the services of another company than function as an individual entity. Merging with a company offering delivery services has the possibilities of giving Kudler Fine Foods a competitive advantage over other similar businesses in the market. Additionally, such a combined effort would set the company on a cost saving path related to the management of the delivery services of its food delicacies. Whichever option between a merger or an acquisition, the resultant company would give Kudler Company a synergetic com petitive strength to function efficiently and the capacity to acquire a greater market share with a re-doubled effect of generating more revenues. On the negative side, mergers and acquisition provide narrower market opportunities compared to an IPO. They are not only less efficient in market pricing, but they may also result into one or both parties losing vital control of key operational elements

Impact Event as a Cause for Mass Extinction

Impact Event as a Cause for Mass Extinction   By Tom Newell    Part A          Possible Triggers for Mass Extinction Origin of Trigger Explanation Impact Events Extra-terrestrial Impact events, proposed as causes of mass extinction, are when the planet is struck by a comet or meteor large enough to create a huge shockwave felt around the globe. Widespread dust and debris rain down as well as forming a dust cloud, disrupting the climate and causing extinction on a global, rather than a local, scale. Climate Change Atmospheric Earths climate is not constant. Over geological time, the Earths dominant climate has gone from ice age to tropical heat and from steamy jungles to searing deserts. When such climate change occurs abruptly either in the form of a global warming or cooling animals and plants have no time to adapt so mass extinctions can occur. Flood Basalt Eruptions Land Flood basalt eruptions are a type of large-scale volcanic activity, both in terms of extent and duration, that can occur on land or on the ocean floor. A flood basalt may continue to erupt for tens of thousands possibly millions of years and the lava can cover hundreds of thousands of kilometres. Catastrophic Methane Releases Atmospheric Methane clathrate is an ice-like substance formed from water and methane in the sea bed, arctic lakes and permafrost. A temperature rise causes the methane in the clathrate to be released as gas. Global warming results and causes further clathrate heating and methane release. The resultant soaring temperature causes such stress to plant and animal life that mass extinction follows. Humans Land Because of the industrial lives we live, we are constantly emitting pollutants into the atmosphere. The chemicals being emitted are changing the composition of the atmosphere. This intern changes how our atmosphere affects our lives, from controlling temperature to blocking cosmic radiation. Part B It is believed that an impact event has caused a mass extinction in the past. Whats to say it wont happen again? An impact event capable of causing a mass extinction is when the planet is struck by an asteroid or meteor large enough to create a huge shockwave felt around the globe. When an impact event happens, the gigantic amount of kinetic energy is partly transferred from the large asteroid or meteorite travelling at high speeds, into the Earth. The rest of the energy is converted into heat and sound, creating pressure waves travelling radially outwards from its centre, similar to that of an atomic bomb. (physics.org, n.d.) As well as the blast from the impact, enormous amounts of dust and debris can be kicked up into the atmosphere blocking out sunlight and preventing the process of photosynthesis in plants from occurring, massively affecting the balance of ecosystems. If humans on the other side of the world from where the asteroid hit, survived the initial impact, they would mo st likely be killed by fiery rocks raining down from the sky and the heavily polluted dust filled atmosphere. Because of the polluted air, humans will not be able to breath properly and the Earths temperature will increase immensely. The huge dust cloud formed would block out light from the sun. If the asteroid lands in the ocean a colossal tsunami will form wiping out everything in its path and potentially wrapping around the world. An extensive earthquake will also be felt all over the globe after the impact, which will send structures crashing down and habitats will be destroyed. Obviously this chain of events would destroy the systems that we depend on for survival, from economic and infrastructure to the biological and fundamental building blocks of life, therefore causing a mass extinction. Part C Our planet is currently in the midst of its 6th mass extinction and unlike past mass extinction, caused by events like asteroid strikes and volcanic eruptions, humans are to blame! (biologicaldiversity.org, n.d.) It is human activities such as the emission of carbon monoxide (CO) and the clearing of wildlife that are killing our planet. Considerable amounts of CO are being emitted into the atmosphere every day because of our industrial lifestyle, but most people dont realise the harm that is being done to the environment. CO can be released into the air via a multitude of ways, but most commonly through your cars exhaust and the burning of fossil fuels in factories. Once CO is in the atmosphere it takes an oxygen molecule from the ozone molecules contained in the ozone layer in the attempt to make itself carbon dioxide (CO2). In doing this the ozone layer is damaged, therefore affecting its ability to protect us from the suns rays. Therefore, global warming occurs and the Earth will eventually be heated to a temperature at which humans and hundreds of thousands of other lifeforms can no longer survive. Another way in which humans contribute to mass extinction is through habitat removal. Not only does the clearing of habitants destroy the homes of animals, leaving them without a suitable place to live, but it also increases the amount of CO2 in the air. Trees and plants play a critical role in the ecosystem. They absorb carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and convert it into oxygen for us to inhale and use in respiration. By clearing wildlife, we are reducing the amount of trees and plants therefore increasing the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere. Global warming is no myth and there is plenty of evidence to prove its existence. According to three reliable international agencies, 2016 was crowned the hottest year on record. (www.abc.net.au, 2017) This was no coincidence either, 2015 and 2014 have been the 2nd and 3rd hottest years to be recorded. This is clear evidence that we are impairing the ozone layer and putting our lives in danger and contributing to the next mass extinction. It is hard to deny that humans are causing the Earth to undergo its 6th mass extinction when there is so much evidence to suggest so. The real question isnt whether or not humans are currently causing the planets 6th mass extinction event, but whether or not we can do anything to stop it. Or is it already too late? References ABC News. (2017). Hottest year on record: Australia needs to get heat smart. [online] Available at: http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-01-19/2016-hottest-year-on-record-australia-needs-to-get-heat-smart/8194182 [Accessed 5 Mar. 2017]. Bbc.co.uk. (2017). BBC Nature Catastrophic methane release videos, news and facts. [online] Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/extinction_causes/Clathrate_gun_hypothesis [Accessed 5 Mar. 2017]. Bbc.co.uk. (2017). BBC Nature Climate change videos, news and facts. [online] Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/extinction_causes/Geologic_temperature_record [Accessed 5 Mar. 2017]. Bbc.co.uk. (2017). BBC Nature Impact events videos, news and facts. [online] Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/extinction_causes/Impact_event [Accessed 5 Mar. 2017]. Bbc.co.uk. (2017). BBC Nature Mass extinction theories. [online] Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/extinction_causes [Accessed 5 Mar. 2017]. Biologicaldiversity.org. (2017). The Extinction Crisis. [online] Available at: http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/programs/biodiversity/elements_of_biodiversity/extinction_crisis/ [Accessed 5 Mar. 2017]. People.uwec.edu. (2017). Extinction Causes. [online] Available at: http://people.uwec.edu/jolhm/eh4/extinction/causeslink.html [Accessed 5 Mar. 2017]. Physics.org. (2017). Will an asteroid impact spell the end of humanity?| Explore | physics.org. [online] Available at: http://www.physics.org/article-questions.asp?id=97 [Accessed 5 Mar. 2017]. The Conversation. (2015). Earths sixth mass extinction has begun, new study confirms. [online] Available at: http://theconversation.com/earths-sixth-mass-extinction-has-begun-new-study-confirms-43432 [Accessed 5 Mar. 2017]. Wallpaper HD Free Wallpaper in All Resolution Free Download. (2017). Asteroid Hitting Earth World End Wallpaper HD For Desktop. [online] Available at: http://www.wallpaperhd.pk/asteroid-hitting-earth-world-end-wallpaper/ [Accessed 5 Mar. 2017].

Book Report -the Notebook by Nicolas Sparks Essay

Summary The Notebook begins with a man in a nursing home, reading a story to a woman. The story is about two young lovers, Allie Hamilton and Noah, who meet one day at a carnival. Although the two are falling in love, Allie’s parents don’t allow the relationship between the two young lovers and decide to move Allie away from Noah and the town. They moved to New York, but Allie never gave up on Noah and always kept her faith to one day their love would have a way to come back, but after waiting for any sign (such as letters) from Noah from years, Allie meets Lon and becomes engaged. However, Allie still has feelings for Noah. Despite her commitment for Lon, Allie decides to visit Noah to see how he’s doing after seeing his picture in the newspaper in front of a house he said he was going to restore (and did). It soon becomes apparent that they still have feelings for each other. Allie spend wonderful days with Noah, but suddenly her mother Anne Hamilton surprises her finding her in Noah’s house. Allies mother confess her that she kept and hide from her the letters that Noah had been sending to her years ago. Allie now has to choose between Lon, the man she had already scheduled to marry, and Noah, the man who she wants. Allie picks Noah, her one true love, and dumps Lon. Noah and Allie end up having a happy life and die together peacefully in the nursing home, side by side. Characters Major Characters * Noah: The narrator of the book and the main character, Noah is a good and kind man who fell in love with Allie fourteen years before the novel opens. He has never forgotten her and is overwhelmed with how much he still loves her when she returns to tell him she is engaged. * Allison Hamilton: A young woman who comes from a privileged family, she spends a wonderful summer with Noah when they are young, but is forced to leave when her parents disapprove. She meets Lon and becomes engaged to him, but something in her makes her return to Noah to be sure she is not making a mistake. * Lon: He is Allie’s fiancà ©, who fights for her in the end, but is too late. He has allowed his career to disrupt any hope he may have had to win her for himself. Minor Characters * Gus: He is the black man who lives down the road from the house Noah has restored. He becomes Noah’s only family until Allie returns. * Anne Hamilton: She is Allie’s mother and had so disapproved of her being with Noah that she had never delivered his letters to her daughter. She finally gives Allie the letters, when she leaves, she whispers to Allie that she should follow her heart. Plot Love conquers all really, no matter how many times the old man (Noah) has to read the book to the old lad, he will. Hoping that one day she’ll remember him, she was his sweetheart and he would not leave her, for as long as she was there he would stay as well. Climax Noah and Ally die together in the same bed. They are old (she has Alzheimer) and in a nursing home. Noah is still telling the story of when they are young and how they finally ended up together. Ally suddenly remembers and recognized Noah, the she chose and that she is the girl from the story that he has been telling her the whole time.

The Most Ignored Answer for Essay Topics for Upsc Mains

The Most Ignored Answer for Essay Topics for Upsc Mains What Everybody Dislikes About Essay Topics for Upsc Mains and Why You're able to directly or indirectly anticipate a whole lot of questions from these types of sections. Therefore your choice may be limited to what you will probably finish. Take atleast 10 minutes to decide this issue on which you have to write. In general, the character of topics within this component of the exam is unpredictable and there's no established pattern or strategy that's followed by UPSC. Again, so as to ias so reading is important. Observing the program is likely to help you cover the most essential regions of the syllabus meticulously and within a predetermined time-frame. If you're sure that it is possible to finish the major booklet, then ask for one additional at the start of the exam and put it to use for rough work. Be certain you have plenty of time for revision. Even then you're not able to discover the informative and accurate details. If you're creating a database driven site you have to be cautious. Look all what content you may recall. If you like you may look online and find one that you like. The majority of the essay topics are picked form the present affairs. It is all about putting into beautiful words, our thoughts and ideas. Fundamentally, an essay is intended to receive your academic opinion on a specific issue. It is considered a complete composition. Each section contains four essay topics. In such instances, choose the one where you are able to present this issue in a better manner. Listed here are the principal points to be thought about while writing a paragraph. There's only ONE optional subject to pick from the list of optional subjects that are given below. Be careful not to earn spelling errors, they leave an extremely terrible impression on the evaluator. Though it is tough to strictly compartmentalize a specific topic in one specific area of study, yet a careful study of the title gives us a fairly great concept, concerning the area of study it could be related to. Fortunately our team consists of professional writers which possess the capability to create remarkable content for you. You're able to easily depend on us to find essay help as we have a tendency to assist and guide the students with the aid of our professional experts. True religion can't be misused. If you need to use the exact same word at distinct places, replace the typical word with a new word meaning the exact same. It gives a feeling of completeness to the essay. There much be no doubt in your mind about the significance of the topic. Every paragraph ought to be meaningfully complete. That's the reason why we must aid them in any assignment. A brief bit of writing on a specific subject. Don't forget to set a limit on the reach of your essay in accordance with the time limit in the exam. Essay writing is so essential, so here is what you can do to assist your son or daughter write great the world wide web has gotten so widespread and so accessible, that having a. Vocabulary There isn't any need to memorise complex words for writing a fantastic essay. Great introduction and fantastic conclusion are must. The majority of the time what happened we randomly pick the topic and begin writing. Convenience was the key goal whenever the Kilt Kit was designed. Questions may utilise the case study strategy to figure out these facets. The plan of the Kilt Hanger is ideal for the total Prince Charlie outfit. Therefore, should you not desire to join a mains test collection, join Be Mains Ready and begin preparing for Mains immediately. If you would like to take advantage of WordPress you need to utilize Linux hosting. Write all the points that you think is important and relevant for topic you've chosen. This paper plays a critical role in deciding the rank of the student. Remember it's a General Essay Paper and you shouldn't be highly technical. Together with the UK Essay Help undergraduates cannot be concerned about the time but delight in a complete life. The Kilt Kit was made to be tossed around. If you do that, you aren't going to get the wanted marks. Marks between is regarded as average.

Food security - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 14 Words: 4153 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Food Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK Food security is elucidated by the IFAD/FAO as the year-round access to the amount and variety of safe foods required by all household members in order to lead active and healthy lives, without undue risk of losing such access. No country anywhere in the world is food secure on this definition. It represents therefore an ideal. To make the definition operational, four dimensions are considered namely Food Availability, Food Access, Food Utilisation and Stability of Access. These are briefly explained as follows: 1. Food Availability: The availability of sufficient quantities of food of appropriate qualities, supplied through domestic production or imports (including food aid). This is often confused with food security but should properly be seen as only a part, albeit an important part of food security. The question is not only whether food is available in a country but whether it is available in the right place at the right time and there must be a mechanism for ensuring that food of the right quality is made available. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Food security" essay for you Create order 2. Food Access: Access by individuals to adequate resources (entitlements) to acquire appropriate foods for a nutritious diet. These resources need not be exclusively monetary but may also include traditional rights e.g. to a share of common resources. Entitlements are defined as the set of all those commodity bundles over which a person can establish command given the legal, political, economic and social arrangements of the community in which he or she lives. 3. Food Utilization: Utilization of food through adequate diet, clean water, sanitation, and health care. This brings out the importance of non-food inputs in food security. It is not enough that someone is getting what appears to be an adequate quantity of food if that person is unable to make use of the food because he or she is always falling sick. 4. Stability of Access: Are individuals at high risk of losing their access to food? An example of this situation would be a landless agricultural laborer who was almost wholly dependent on agricultural wages in a region of erratic rainfall. Such a person is at high risk of not being able to find work in a situation of general crop failure and thus going hungry, i.e. is vulnerable. The objective of the thesis would be to analyze the institutional, production, market and policy aspects of the aforementioned four specific factors underlying food insecurity in Pakistan. This shall be gauged by analyzing secure access, production and utilization of three key staples; wheat, rice and sugar. There is considerable evidence that indicates the need to route policy focus to take the shape of revisionary responses to institutional framework, production, market dynamics and existing policy framework; all geared towards actualizing yield potentials and enhancing food security in the context of factors outlined abov e. What makes it even more pertinent is the impending food crisis keeping in view the increasing population and various institutional constraints underlying the retarded growth in production e.g water shortages, soil degradation, absence of proper agriculture research, improper agricultural practices etc. The four key aspects defined above i.e. Food availability, Food Access, Food Utilisation and Stability of Access shall be analyzed in terms of their current standing as well as the potential areas of improvement to realize the stipulated objectives. The stated framework is illustrated in the table as under: FOOD AVAILABILITY Review of Land holdings Cropping Patterns and relative prices for each crop. Profits and Losses per acre for each crop for each size class of farm Total area of cultivable land including land currently being utilized and cultivable waste. Water Utilisation Seeds, Fertilisers and GM food technology as a yield enhancement technique Productivity Enhancement of major crops Availability of credit for farmers for investments geared towards productivity enhancement FOOD ACCESS Identification and Targeting of the Food Insecure People Enhancing Productivity of small farmers for poverty alleviation and foster agricultural growth Diversification of On-farm and Off-farm income generation activities Stabilization of input and output process Encouragement of small scale enterprises STABILITY Inter-regional Inequality Urban Rural Disparity Distribution of land and Access to inputs and resources Skill Development for broad based development UTILISATION Improving nutritional aspects of food Balanced dietary consumption Promotion of household food production e.g. vegetables and pulses production, poultry and rearing of small ruminants POLICIES AND INSTITUTIONAL IMPERATIVES Removing Policy Distortions Provision and enhancement of rural infrastructure Institutional Structure for accelerated agricultural growth with equity. Credit and Rural Finance Human Resource Development Research and Extension Support Services In addition, the modus operandi for addressing the questions specified above would be through: †¢ A review and research the production, availability and consumption of essential food commodities †¢ A review of existing food procurement and storage facilities and identify areas of potential improvement †¢ Identification of the constraints in production, yield as well as the prices of essential food commodities e.g. wheat, sugar and rice. †¢ Identifying areas and scope of improved physical inputs geared towards improving the state of agriculture. †¢ Appraising the effectiveness of the Social Safety nets like BISP, Punjab Food Support Scheme in improving food security and how modific ations in these programs towards targeting can be brought about to reduce fiscal and economic costs and losses for non target beneficiaries. †¢ Institutional and policy imperatives for enhanced and sustainable agricultural growth through a normative analysis of the following: o Agriculture and Crop Research Facilities o Social Mobilization o Vertical Integrations and Marketing systems o Enforcement Mechanisms in place to keep track of the regulatory endeavors. LITERATURE REVIEW Agriculture is considered the mainstay of Pakistans economy. According to the Economic Survey of Pakistan 2008-09, there are major hindrances in the GDP growth rate in case of Pakistan, which the report asserts could not hold at 2007-2008 level. Agriculture, the major source of employment and income in the rural areas is expected to grow at 4.7 percent as against Services sector growing at the rate of 3.6 percent during 2008-2009. About 70% per cent of the countrys rural population is directly or indirectly linked with agriculture for their livelihood. Whatever happens to agriculture is bound to affect the livelihood and consequently food security of the poor rural people. Decline of agriculture and shrinking livelihood opportunities have resulted in rising poverty in rural areas while also compounding the food insecurity in both rural and urban areas. Agriculture, thus assumes a critical role in the national economy, providing food to the fast growing population of the country. Pakistan is a country where food security situation in recent years has not been very encouraging. The demand for food in recent years, especially key staples like wheat and sugar have started to exceed the supply. This gap can be attributed to many possible causes. According to Ahmed and Siddiqui (1994), even when the supply situation is better, there are problems with the distribution amongst different segments of the society thus adversely affecting the nutrition. On the demand side, the food security problem has been complicated by an unprecedented increase in population. Since the existing rate of population growth of over 3 percent per annum is expected to continue for a reasonable period of time, the total fertility rate also remaining well above the so-called â€Å"replacement level†, improvement in health-care facilities, which have already resulted in a remarkable decline in infant and child mortality rates has also contributed towards the high population rate in P akistan. Transitory and chronic food insecurity is caused mainly by poverty. (Tweeten, 1999) People with adequate buying power overcome the frictions of time (e.g., unpredictable, unstable harvests from year to year) and space (e.g., local food short- ages) to be food-secure. The conclusions of the aforementioned study further suggested a food security policy synthesis for poor, developing countries like Pakistan which are outlined as follows; Poverty is best alleviated through broad-based, sustainable economic development. The most effective and efficient means to economic development is to follow the standard model, illustrated by the figure as under, which assures an economic pie to divide among people and among functions, such as human resource development, infrastructure, family planning, a food safety net, and environmental protection. The standard model is not merely an ideal; it is applicable to any culture and provides a workable prescription for economic progress, ensu ring buying power for self-reliance and food security. Eventually, in conjunction with family planning, it brings decreased population growth. Although no country has adopted every component, many countries have adopted enough components of the standard model to demonstrate its capacity for economic success. The central puzzle of why food-insecure countries like Pakistan, eschew the standard model when it can bring food security is explained by political failure. Terminating even the worst policies creates losers. If the losers are in positions of power and authority, they resist reform. Economic distortions provide economic rents for those in authority who bestow licenses and enforce regulations. Parastatals provide employment for friends and relatives of power brokers; hence, unfortunate public policy carries powerful momentum. Political failure is inseparable from broader institutional failure. Food insecurity and economic stagnation are not the result of limited natural resource s, environmental degradation, or ignorant people. Rather, they are the result of misguided public policies, which in turn are the product of weak institutions and corrupt governments serving special interests. Institutional change is required to adopt the standard model. Poorly structured, inadequate institutions often trace to cultural factors such as tolerance of the public for unrepresentative, corrupt, incompetent government. Government leaders often view their position as an opportunity for personal aggrandizement rather than to be a servant of the public interest. Socio-institutional changes, and hence standard model adoption, are blocked by cultural characteristics such as caste and ethnic animosities, which provide a fertile climate for governments not representing the public interest to play one group against another. Thus, the challenge of food security for our time, as argued by Tweeten (1999), is socio-institutional change. A study was conducted by the IFPRI in 1977 t hat emphasized on the intensity of the problem facing the Developing Market Economies (DMEs) in countering food deficits in the wake of increasing populations. The options to grapple this challenge were outlined as increasing domestic production, commercial imports, reducing the food consumption levels through pricing adjustments or rationing, and food aid. For a country like Pakistan, easily branded as a low income country, policy choices are limited. Much of the population is already below the minimum dietary and nutritional requirements. Commercial imports to cover up the food deficit may not be a plausible option because it deems imperative a huge foreign exchange outlay coupled with various alternative development expenditures seeking priority. The study concluded that in order to narrow the food gap, development efforts in such low income countries must emphasize on policies to increase and enhance production performance. Large increases in agricultural investments coupled wit h appropriate policies and effective programs will be central. The third critical dimension of food security, utilization, refers to actual metabolization of food by the body. Food that is available and accessible does not alleviate food insecurity if people do not utilize food properly because of inadequate nutrition education and food preparation, bad habits, eating disorders, or poor health, such as intestinal parasites from unsanitary water. Thus, food security is appropriately defined not just as access but as utilization by all people at all times of sufficient nutrients for a productive and healthy life. It follows that sanitation, education, and health care are important instruments for food security. Despite per capita world food supplies being more than adequate to provide food security to all, food or income transfers among nations cannot be the principal instrument to end food insecurity. One reason is because altruism is too limited and fickle to provide sufficient, reliable transfers. Heavy dependence on transfers could discourage local production and create an unhealthy dependency of poor nations and individuals on rich nations, agencies, and individuals. Massive food transfers would destroy incentives for local food producers. A nation must have a pie of purchasing power to divide and share among its food-insecure people. Because it is the poor who lack access to food, alleviating food insecurity means alleviating poverty. Most of the worlds poor, the 1.3 billion people with incomes of less than $1 per day (updated from World Bank 1990, p. 29), will have to escape poverty and food insecurity through economic growth. Economic growth largely was responsible for the 158 million reduction in numbers of undernourished people in East, South, and Southeast Asia from 1979-1981 to 1990-1992. In the mixed and underdeveloped economies of the Third World, the maintenance of minimum consumption levels for large segments of the population is a critical problem. Even in developing countries with a reasonably well-developed industrial base, such as India, glaring nutrition gaps exist (Knudsen and Scandizzo 1979) and critical shortages can and do arise in basic consumption areas such as food, fuel, and clothing (Sharma and Roy 1979). Such shortfalls have serious economic, social, and political consequences (Burki and Haq 1981). Therefore, governments in developing countries usually attempt a macro management of selected consumption items. A fairly complex set of direct and indirect policies are used to influence the production, distribution, and prices of such items (Ahmed 1979, Dholakia and Khorana 1979, Kaynak 1980, Sorensen 1978). The formulation and implementation of such policies can be viewed as a macro-marketing management process [Zif 1980]. For essential consumption items, this process entails: i. Identification of key consumption items (products) and target groups (markets), ii. Development and evaluation of interventi on methods (macro marketing strategies), iii. Creation of delivery or communication systems (channels) to reach the target groups or other intervention points, and iv. Monitoring and control of the consumption- oriented programs (macromarketing control system). In discussing the rationale for Macromanagement System for Essential Consumption Items (referred herein as MSECI), two interrelated questions arise i.e. why do these systems come into existence and what are the goals of these systems. In analyzing why the government intervenes in the distributive trade for essential consumption items, Sorenson (1978) cites four reasons, which are presented below in an elaborated version: i. Under conditions of scarcity (a typical feature in underdeveloped countries), the unfettered operation of the market mechanism is politically unacceptable. Price increases and shortages resulting from unfettered private trade would be politically too risky for the government in power. ii. Distribu tive trade typically has a poor reach in the rural areas. In periods of shortages, rural distribution deteriorates even further, making government intervention a necessity. iii. The market mechanism is imperfect in terms of prices, information, and market clearing. During periods of shortages, these imperfections become magnified, inviting government regulation. iv. Profits and surpluses from private trade in developing countries usually do not flow into productive investments. Instead, they flow into private consumption and investment such as clothing, jewelry, gold, houses, dowries, and so on. Hence, profits from shortages do not help alleviate the major cause of shortages, i.e. low levels of production. In fact, some of the surpluses may even accentuate shortages by becoming working capital for increased hoarding of goods. Government often intervenes to reduce the profits going into such unproductive uses. The experience of India as put forth by Dholakia and Khurana (1979) a nd other Third World countries points out a few other reasons for the emergence and growth of macro management systems in the distributive trade sector. Some of these are: i. Distributive trades absorb a lot of people and provide a low-cost employment outlet in developing countries. Governments often intervene to further some employment goals in addition to the distributional goals. In India, for example, the government often preferentially awards licenses to operate Fair Price Shops to those groups considered to be politically important unemployed college graduates, retired army personnel, widows of servicemen, etc. ii. Government intervention in distributive trades is often a consequence of agricultural price support programs. Once the government becomes a procurer and storer of large quantities of farm products, it needs a distribution method for these products. An MSECI is created as a result. Once an MSECI is created, the reverse logic often takes over. For example, to su pport an extensive public distribution system in a southern state of India, the state government resorts to mandatory procurement of some percentage of farms output [George 1979]. iii. In a manner similar to agricultural policy, the industrial policy of developing countries also leads to governmental intervention in distributive trade. To support small-scale, infant, or weak industries, the government sometimes assists in the marketing of the products of such industries by procuring their products and distributing them through state-controlled or subsidized channels [Bhandari 1979]. In Morocco, for example, the government subsidized the introductory advertising efforts of a baby food considered to be important in meeting that countrys nutritional goals [Vitale and Cavusgil 1981]. These last three points illustrate how consumption- and distribution- oriented policies get intertwined with policies related to employment, agriculture, industry, and other sectors. The rationale and rationality of MSECIs must therefore be studied in the context of other related sectoral policies [Gustafsson and Richardson 1979]. While the above discussion throws some light on why MSECIs come into existence, it does not fully illustrate the range of goals that MSECIs may serve. According to Gustafsson and Richardson (1979), where there is a complex polity, not only are there multiple actors in the policymaking process but each actor sometimes has multiple goals. Politicians, for example, are interested in: a) Solving problems, where it is feasible to do so and ideologically acceptable to the politician b) Agenda management, that is, getting problematic and intractable items off the political agenda, often by formulating do-nothing placebo policies, and c) Creating consensus, especially when the issue is frankly fractious. In the context of an MSECI, purely placebo or consensus-making policies are unlikely to exist. This is because breadbasket issues are involved and sim ply managing the agenda or creating a consensus (without solving the problem) is politically too risky. As a part of the problem-solving strategy, however, policymakers may make some efforts to manage agendas or create consensus. Policies geared towards essential consumption items are therefore likely to have some symbolic, rhetorical, or bargaining content (Lapps, Collins, and Kinley 1980). With reference to the rationale and goals of MSECIs, the following conclusions can be made: a) MSECIs usually emerge in developing countries to serve short-term, volatile political problems caused by scarcity. Later, these systems may be further developed to embrace other economic goals. In fact, appropriately used, MSECIs could play an important role in balanced development (United Nations 1977). b) As the complexity of an MSECI increases, consumption and distribution-related policies become entwined with several other sectoral policies in developing countries. c) Analysis of MSECIs should be conducted with sensitivity to the goals stated and implicit of the different actors in the consumptive and distributive policy process. According to Hussain et al, the production instability and food insecurity in are interrelated. Most of the rain-fed agriculture of the country is experiencing erratic production. The production instability index (coefficient of variation) is 29% in the Pakistan (Anonymous). Most variation is attributed to crop yields. The productivity per unit of resource especially water, is low. The declining resource productivity is due to increased water logging and salinity, nutrient depletion, deforestation and devegetation and increased pest complex. Looming water scarcity and competition for the same water from non agricultural sectors necessitates improving crop productivity to ensure adequate food for the nation with the equivalent or less water than is presently available for agriculture. This can be obtained because available information shows that there is a wide gap between actual and attainable crop water productivity, especially in the arid and semi-arid environments. Quantifying crop water output reveals gaps in information regarding pre-eminent ways to increase crop water productivity. Cropping systems need to be inherently flexible to take advantage of economic opportunities and/or adapt to environmental realities. A dynamic cropping systems concept characterized by a management approach whereby crop sequencing decisions are made on an annual basis has been proposed to improve the adaptability of cropping practices to externalities. STATE OF AGRICULTURE IN PAKISTAN Despite a structural shift towards industrialization, agriculture continues to be the biggest sector of the economy. It contributes 21.8% of the GDP, employs 44.7 % of the workforce and is a major source of foreign exchange earnings . About 68% of the population lives in rural Pakistan and depends upon agriculture for their sustenance. Given its wide-spanning forward and backward linkages, in particular with the Industrial sector, agriculture has assumed an added significance especially in the context of the prevalent global food crunch and food security. According to the Economic Survey of Pakistan 2008-09, no economic reforms will be successful in the absence of a sustained and broad based agricultural development which is critical for raising living standards, alleviating poverty assuring food security, generating a buoyant market for industrial expansion an making a substantial contribution to the national economic growth. The utilization of agricultural land in Pakistan is illustrated by the table as under. The total area reported in the table includes the total physical area of the villages. Forest area refers to the area of any land administered as forest under any legal enactment dealing with forests. Any cultivated area which may exist within such a forest is shown under the heading of cultivated area. Culturable waste is that uncultivated farm area which, although fit for cultivation, has been left uncropped during the year under consideration as well as the one preceding. Cultivated area is the area which was sown at least during the year under reference or during the preceding year. This includes the net sown area as well as the current fallow. The current fallow is the area that is ploughed but not cropped. With these definitions in context, a review of the agricultural land holdings of Pakistan is presented as under: (Million hectares) Table: (Source: MINFAL) An analysis of the land utilization statistics indicate that the total area u nder cultivation has registered a gradual increase during the period specified i.e. 1990-2008. The uncultivable land is being brought under cultivation and the total cropped area has also been increasing, though not very significantly. Given the importance of agriculture in the national economy, the policy focus has essentially been on agriculture even though the need for a structural shift towards industries and manufacturing gained importance post 1990s. If we look at the historical statistics of the Pakistan economy, we can see how the performance of agriculture coincided with the GDP growth. Table below illustrates the performance and average annual growth rates of the Agriculture and the GDP for the period 1960-2009. AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH RATES 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000-2009 GDP 6.8 4.8 6.5 4.6 5 Agriculture 5.1 2.4 5.4 4.4 3.0 Table Broadly speaking the growth rate of agriculture across the periods specified in Table 1 was fairly good but the yearly growth rates during the same periods were erratic. The growth of agriculture was particularly low in the periods of 1998-99 at 1.9%, 2000-01 at -2.2%, 2001-02 at 0.1% and 2007-08 at 1.1%. Considering the current decade, agriculture has grown at an average rate of 3.32% per annum. Of this, the growth performance over the last seven years has been of a volatile nature ranging from 1.1% to 6.5% at the highest. See table below, AGRICULTURE GROWTH (%) Year Agriculture Major Crops Minor Crops 2002-3 4.1 6.8 1.9 2003-4 2.4 1.7 3.9 2004-5 6.5 17.7 1.5 2005-6 6.3 -3.9 0.4 2006-7 4.1 7.7 -1.3 2007-8 1.1 -6.4 10.9 2008-9 4.7 7.7 3.6 Table 2 Federal Board of Statistics, Government of Pakistan(2009) This volatility can be primarily attributed to the crop sector which has been a subject of various pest attacks, irregular raining patterns, adulterated pesticides etc. There are two principal crop seasons in Pakistan, Kharif and Rabi. The sowing season of the former begins in April-June and the harvesting occurs in October/ December while the latters begins in October/December and ends in April/ May. Major crops of the Kharif season include Sugarcane, rice, cotton and maize and those of the Rabi season include wheat, gram and lentils. As per the statistics of the MINFAL , the major crops such as wheat, rice, cotton and sugarcane amount to about 89.1% of the value added in the major crops, and this amounts to about 33.4% of value added in the overall agriculture. The production statistics of the major crops of both the seasons are given in the table as under: PRODUCTION OF MAJOR CROPS (000 TONS) YEAR COTTON (000 BALES) SUGARCANE RICE MAIZE WHEAT 2003-4 10048 53419 4848 1897 19500 2004-5 14265 47244 5025 2797 21612 2005-6 13019 44666 5547 3110 21277 2006-7 12856 54742 5438 3088 23295 2007-8 11655 63920 5563 3605 20959 2008-9 11819 50045 6852 4036 23421 MINFAL Pakistans agricultural production is closely linked with the supply of irrigation water. The supply of irrigation water has been strained as indicated by Table 3 as under: Actual Surface Water Availability (Million Acre Feet) Period Kharif Rabi Total % Change over Average Average System Usage 67.1 36.4 103.5 2002-3 62.8 25 87.8 -15.2 2003-4 65.9 31.5 97.4 -5.9 2004-5 59.1 23.1 82.2 -20.6 2005-6 70.8 30.1 100.9 -2.5 2006-7 63.1 31.2 94.3 -8.9 2007-8 70.8 27.9 98.7 -46 2008-9 66.9 24.9 91.8 -11.3 Table 3: (IRSA) As shown in the table, against the normal surface water availability at canal heads of 103.5 MAF, the overall water availability for both the crop seasons has been less in the range of -2.5% to 20.6%. If the water availability for the respective seasons is analyzed one can conclude that the Rabi season faced a greater dearth of the water supply as compared to the Kharif season. There